post industrial britain

Question 1

what was sport called during post industrial britain

Answer 1

rational recreation

Question 2

how did sport develop

Answer 2

more structured, reflecting a more ordered industrially based society. designed by the middle class

Question 3

what did the wenlock olympian games do

Answer 3

promote moral, physical and intellectual improvement.
encourage participation by using prizes

Question 4

when was the wenlock games first held

Answer 4

october 1850

Question 5

what was the industrial revolution

Answer 5

this period remarked change in britain from a feudal, rural society to an industrialised, machine-based, capitalist society controlled by middle class

Question 6

effects of IR on sport in first half of 19th century

Answer 6

migration of lower class to urban areas, loss of space to play traditional mob games and overcrowding.
lack of leisure time, long working days so no time to play sport.
lack of income, low wages meant no spare income for leisure pursuits.
poor health, due to poor working and living conditions meant poor hygiene and no energy to play sport.
loss of rights, restrictions placed on mob games and changes in criminal law
lack of public provision, no access to private facilities for lower classes

Question 7

effects of IR on sport in second half of 19th century

Answer 7

improved health and hygiene, more energy to participate in sport.
increase in wages, factory acts and half day saturdays so more time to play sport.
development of middle class, high moral code of sport so developed strict rules and provided facilities.
improved transport, more fixtures which were published in newspapers.
cheaper to travel, more spectators.

Question 8

what is urbanisation

Answer 8

large numbers of people migrating from rural areas to towns and cities to seek work

Question 9

what effects did urbanisation have on sport

Answer 9

lack of space
large working class population so more spectators.
loss of traditional sports, banned in civilised society.
change in working conditions, limited free time to devote to sport.

Question 10

what effects did development of railways have on sport

Answer 10

movement of teams, could travel further.
improved access to different parts of country, national league.
cheaper travel, working class could travel to support their team.

Question 11

what influence did the church have

Answer 11

encouraged social control by diverting away from less socially acceptable activities.
sport was viewed as a good way to promote christian values so clergy encouraged participation in football.
provided facilities and set up church football teams, eg everton

Question 12

what effects did the middle class have on sport

Answer 12

codification, played a key role in the formation of NGBs and controlled sport and became key organisers.
competitions, development of leagues and competitions via middle class involvement.
increased leisure time, middle class factory owners gave their workers more time to play sport.
move to professionalism, helped the development of early professional sport.

Question 13

who were part of the british empire

Answer 13

teachers
NGBs
clergy
army
diplomats
industrialists

Question 14

why did NGBs develop

Answer 14

sport was more popular
more clubs forming
more fixtures organised

Question 15

characteristics of rational recreation

Answer 15

respectability
regionally played
referees
purpose built facilities
skills based
codification

Question 16

what is amateurism

Answer 16

a person who plays sport for the love of it with no financial gain

Question 17

what is a professional

Answer 17

person who plays sport for financial gain

Question 18

characteristics of a gentlemen amateur

Answer 18

respected member of society
uses natural talents
wealthy and lots of leisure time
high moral code

Question 19

positive impacts of amateurism

Answer 19

code of amateurism
code of ethics
participation in sport
amateurs held a higher status

Question 20

positive impacts of professionalism

Answer 20

working class could play sport and earn a wage for it.
created a determination to succeed

Question 21

key features of early 20th century amateurs

Answer 21

high status
controllers of sport
top performers
highly moral

Question 22

key features of modern day amateurs

Answer 22

lower status
some high level performers are still not professionals
some amateurs receive finance to pay for training expenses.

Question 23

positives of modern day amateurism

Answer 23

codes of amateurism still present
still viewed positively
eg. rugby union maintained amateurism until late 20th century and still have codes of conduct.

Question 24

factors of modern day professionalism

Answer 24

all classes can compete
respected for their talents
more time to train
more media coverage
positive role models
more spectators

Question 25

what factors developed association football

Answer 25

urbanisation, more spectators. more leisure time, less time in factories. more disposable income, pay transport to watch matches. improved transport, fans could watch away games. increased professionalism, more jobs available in sport. social class links, middle class influence and approval gave association football more respectability.