Post Industrial Flashcards
What were negative effects of rationalised spots during the first half of the 19th century
HITFOR
H - lack of health and hygiene
I- lack of income
T - lack of time
F - lack of facilities
O - overcrowding/ lack of space
R - lack of rights
What were rational recreation
It was sports pastimes for the lower class made by the middle class to be well ordered, organised and controlled
What were negative effects of rationalised sports during the first half of the 19th century
Lack of leisure time - working in factories for 12hours
Lack of income - can’t pay for leisure pursuits
Migration of the lower classes into cities - new factories no space to play traditional games like mob football
Poor health/living conditions - little energy to play sport
Loss of rights - restrictions were placed on mob games and change in criminal law
Lack of public provision - no access to facilities or equipment
What were some improvements in the second half of the industrial revolution
Ex - public schoolboys
Three tier society
Increased wages and time for sport
Improved health
Communication - steam trains/cheaper to travel
Values of athleticism
Why did sport spread through the British empire
Sport was seen as a very good and powerful way of instilling moral values into people across the world.
It also helped bind various people of the empire together.
How did sport spread through the British empire
Teachers - developed teams, taught sporting values
Industrialists/factory owners - set up teams - gave workers time off to compete
Clergy - developed churched teams and took sport abroad
Officers in the army - spread sport through the army
Developed a national governing bodies of sport - developed competitions and leagues which spread abroad
Diplomats - travelled the world and bough sport with them
What is the definition of urbanisation
Large numbers of people migrating/moving from rural areas into towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories
What are the key features of urbanisation that contributed to the development of sport
Lack of work space - in cities space was tight - led to the development of purpose build facilities
Loss of traditional sports - such as mob football was banned so there was a need for new sports to emerge
Large working class population - means large population that needs entertaining resulting in mass spectator numbers at football and rugby games
Change in working conditions - change in hours and conditions meant that people could devote time to spectate or participate
How did railway develop sports
Easier Movement of teams/spectators - regular fixtures
Improved access to different parts of the country
Improved access to the countryside
Cheaper train travel - working class can follow their team home and away
How did the church influence sport
Church halls provided facilities
Encouraged civilised behaviour - shift from popular recreation to rational recreation e.g not drinking/ gambling
Increased attendance on holy days
The church organised sports teams
What is muscular Christianity
Used sport (especially association football) to get more people to church.
They provided facilities
Created teams
What did the middle class do for sports
Codification - strict rules
Competition- developed leagues
Increase leisure time
Move to professionalism
Public provisions
What were the characteristics of Rational recreation
Played regionally, nationally and internationally
Respectable
Regular
Rule based
Gambling controlled
Impact on religion
Impact on revolutions
Purpose built facilities
Amateurism and professionalism
Why was there a development of the National Governing Bodies
Sport was becoming increasingly popular
More teams and clubs were being formed
Leagues and competitions were required for these teams to compete in
More national and international fixtures
Nationally agreed rules and codification
Maintenance of the amateur ideal
Amateur
A person who plays sport for the love of it amd receives no financial gain
Professional
A person who plays sport for financial gain
What were amateurisms values
Manliness - robustness
Appreciating the values of health and fitness
Appreciating the value of rule regulated activity
High moral integrity
What are the characteristics of a gentleman amateur
Being a respected member of society with a public school background, high status in sport reflected by high status in society
Belonging to the social elite, having wealth and plenty of free time for sport
Participation in sport was viewed as a character building exercise
Playing a range of sports using their natural talents
Playing sports to a high moral code
What were positive impacts of amateurism
Was based on playing sports to clearly set rules
They played the sport for love rather than financial gain
Taking part was seen as more important than winning, taking part was viewed as character building
Amateurs were elite performers
What are working class professionals
Low status could not afford to play sport
Came from poor backgrounds
Seems as corruptible as they were controlled by money
Paid according to the result
Foul play and gamesmanship was used
What are positive impacts of nineteenth century professionalism on sports development
They were paid depending on the result so performance developed as a result of training
Earning money from sport was seen as an avenue for social mobility
This created a determination to succeed I.e high rewards at stake and the pressure to succeed to maintain a certain lifestyle
Professionalism slowly developed at the end of the 19th century leg employment in a factory was sometimes based on talent to play sport
Features of armatures
High moral
Top performers
Controllers of sport
High status
What are modern day amateurs
