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KIN270 > post exam2 (40%) > Flashcards

post exam2 (40%) Flashcards

1
Q

The simplest processing in the central nervous system involves

A

One synapse

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2
Q

Gray matter consists mostly of

A

Cell bodies and unmyelinated axons

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3
Q

Where are axon terminals of third order sensory neurons?

A

The postcentral gyrus

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4
Q

A lesion that cuts the left dorsal column would cut

A

First order sensory neurons

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5
Q

Where are cell bodies of third order sensory neurons in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway?

A

The thalamus

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6
Q

Where are axon terminals of lower motor neurons?

A

The neuromuscular junction

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7
Q

Where does integration of sensory information from the eye, ear, and skin occur?

A

A multimodal association area

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8
Q

The relay center for sensory signals in our brain is in the

A

diencephalon

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9
Q

If a patient exhibits hyperreflexia and spastic paralysis, you would suspect a problem with

A

Upper motor neurons

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10
Q

For reciprocal inhibition to occur, must an interneuron be involved?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Temperature sensing neurons are rapidly adapting. If we were to place our hand in cold water, what would happen to the rate of action potentials fired in cold-sensing neurons?

A

Cold-sensing neurons would initially fire rapid action potentials, but the rate of action potentials would gradually slow.

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12
Q

Many choice: Cranial nerves may be

A

Sensory only
Motor only
Mixed

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13
Q

Cell bodies of third-order sensory neurons are located in the

A

Central nervous system

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14
Q

Pain-sensing neurons are slowly adapting. If we were exposed to a painful stimulus over time, what would happen to the rate of action potentials fired in nociceptive neurons?

A

Nociceptive neurons would continuously fire action potentials faster than normal.

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15
Q

If we could not feel someone touch our lateral malleolus, you would suspect damage to axons that belong to spinal nerve

A

S1

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16
Q

If we cut only the left lateral corticospinal tract above T6, would the patellar reflex still be active in the left leg?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Cell bodies of second-order sensory neurons are located in the

A

Central nervous system

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18
Q

A spinal reflex causing contraction of skeletal muscle involves neurons in the

A

Both central and peripheral nervous systems

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19
Q

Acetylcholine release in parasympathetic ganglia would ___________ heart rate

A

Decrease heart rate

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20
Q

All reflexes must involve the central nervous system.

A

False

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21
Q

The master regulator of autonomic activity is located in the

A

Hypothalamus

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22
Q

Can autonomic activity be affected by conscious thought?

A

Yes

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23
Q

Many choice: Axons of sympathetic nerves travel in

A

Thoracic and Lumbar nerves

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24
Q

Beta 2 adrenergic receptors cause ____________ calcium release in airway smooth muscle

A

Decreased calcium release

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25
Q

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

A

decrease heart rate

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26
Q

Beta 1 adrenergic receptors

A

increase heart rate

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27
Q

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors cause ___________ in blood vessel smooth muscle

A

contraction

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28
Q

Acetylcholine release in sympathetic ganglia would ___________ heart rate

A

Increase heart rate in sympathetic ganglia

29
Q

Sound travels in the form of

A

vibrations

30
Q

Cells in our tongue change voltage in response to certain chemicals.

A

True

31
Q

Which of the following is most sensitive?

A

Rods

32
Q

We see dim objects best when we do not look straight at them.

A

True

33
Q

Which of the following senses converts the presence of airborne chemicals into a graded membrane potential?

A

Smell

34
Q

Which of the following is most responsible for black/white vision?

A

Rods

35
Q

There is a primary olfactory cortex.

A

True

36
Q

Complete multimodal processing of visual signals involves activity in the

A

All of the above

37
Q

Cells that depolarize in response to movement are

A

Hair cells

38
Q

Many choice: Axons in which of the following pathways cross at the level of the entering spinal nerve?

A

Lateral spinothalamic

39
Q

Portions of our brain that coordinate conscious and subconscious thought belong to the

A

Limbic system

40
Q

T/F: Imagine that you can sense when a friend is sad even when they are on the other side of the world. In order for this to be true, an molecule in your body must change shape in response to your friend’s emotion.

A

True

41
Q

Coordination of motor signals is a primary responsibility of the

A

Cerebellum

42
Q

Where are cell bodies lower motor neurons?

A

The anterior gray horn of the spinal cord

43
Q

The primary control center for the autonomic nervous system is located in the

A

Hypothalamus

44
Q

Of the steps below, which is the first to occur when we decide to contract the biceps brachii muscle?

A

A graded depolarization in the upper motor neuron

45
Q

A lesion that cuts the left dorsal column would block

A

Awareness of fine touch from the left side of the body

46
Q

Where are cell bodies of second order sensory neurons in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway?

A

The medulla

47
Q

Of the steps below, which is the last to occur when we decide to contract the biceps brachii muscle?

A

myosin binding to actin

48
Q

Temperature sensing neurons are rapidly adapting. If we were to place our hand in cold water, cold sensing neurons would initially

A

depolarize quickly

49
Q

Many choice: Which of the following are components of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Autonomic ganglia

50
Q

Must a reflex include an interneuron?

A

No

51
Q

The fastest reflex causing muscle contraction would involve

A

one synapse

52
Q

Many choice: Which of the following could cause a graded membrane potential in a peripheral nerve?

A

Mechanical stretch
Change in temperature
Light
Vibration
Chemicals

53
Q

Can a lower motor neuron cause a graded hyperpolarization at the motor end plate?

A

No

54
Q

If a patient exhibits no muscle tone and an inability to contract skeletal muscle, you would suspect a problem with

A

Lower motor neurons

55
Q

Many choice: Axons of parasympathetic nerves travel in

A

Cranial and Sacral nerves

56
Q

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

A

decrease heart rate

57
Q

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors cause ____________ calcium release in blood vessel smooth muscle

A

Increase calcium release

58
Q

Acetylcholine release in parasympathetic ganglia would ___________ heart rate

A

decrease heart rate in parasympathetic ganglia

59
Q

Does acetylcholine always cause depolarization of its target cell?

A

No

60
Q

Does epinephrine cause depolarization of all target tissue?

A

No

61
Q

Which of the following changes shape to regulate the amount of light hitting the retina?

A

Smooth muscle in iris

62
Q

Signals from the right eye travel to only the left primary visual cortex.

A

False

63
Q

Which of the following are not located in the fovea?

A

Rods

64
Q

The axon terminals of neurons in the optic nerve are located in the

A

Thalamus

65
Q

Which of the following chemicals cause a change in voltage in cells in our tongue?

A

All of the above

66
Q

Which of the following is the first to move in response to sound?

A

The tympanic membrane

67
Q

Sound is a ___________ signal

A

mechanical

68
Q

Where are cells that detect acceleration in a car?

A

vestibule

KIN270 (7 decks)

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