Post 1945 Flashcards
discuss how Aboriginal spirituality is
determined by the Dreaming
– kinship
– ceremonial life
– obligations to the land and people
issues for Aboriginal spiritualities in
relation to:
– the effect of dispossession
– the Land Rights movement
discuss the continuing effect of
dispossession on Aboriginal
spiritualities in relation to:
– separation from the land
– separation from kinship groups
– the Stolen Generations
outline the importance of the following
for the Land Rights movement:
– Native Title
– Mabo
– Wik
the religious landscape from 1945 to
the present in relation to:
– changing patterns of religious
adherence
– the current religious landscape
account for the present religious
landscape in Australia in relation to:
– Christianity as the major religious tradition – immigration – denominational switching – rise of New Age religions – secularism
religious dialogue in multi-faith
Australia
– (Describe the impact) ecumenical movements within Christianity
– (evaluate importance) Interfaith dialogue
– (examine) The relationship between
Aboriginal spiritualities and
religious traditions in the process of Reconciliation
describe the impact of Christian
ecumenical movements in Australia
– The National Council of Churches
– NSW Ecumenical Council
Kinship
complex system of belonging, relationships and responsibilities
determined by family relationships, totems, skin names. Therefore is connected with the ancestor spirits and dreaming
Kinship is (quotes)
the “tangible expression of the dreaming in everyday life”
Ceremonial life
4 main roles
• Rite of passage –initiation rites, funerals: an initiation ceremony teaches young Aboriginal people about their responsibilities
• Passing on social information- elders are custodians
• Spiritual role- connect people with Dreaming
• Personal- support friendship, personal and groups:
o Communicated through art, dance, story, ceremonies
o Totems and sacred sited ceremonial responsibility balance rites
Obligations to the Land and People (two quotes)
“We don’t own the land, the land owns us”
“The land is our food, our culture and identity”
Obligations to the Land and People (points)
Stories of Dreaming
Given custody of the land b the Ancestral Spirit
Land= ritual estate= sacred sites
Protecting, nurturing, maintaining balance is important part of each individuals life and is tribes responsibility
Important because of: 1. Economic uses 2. Ritual association
Mutual dependence- they rely on land, land rely on them
Obligations to the land and people as reflected in Dreaming
- Land holds sacred places for all people
- Land is context of dreaming inhibited by the ancestor spirits
- Responsibilities to land physically and tangibly derives from and preserves the dreaming as a living religion
The effect of dispossession- discuss the continuing effect of dispossession on the Aboriginal spiritualties in relation to
Separation from the land
- Inextricable connection to the land
- Loss of land= loss of identity, cultural heritage, totems, indeptence, spiritual world, purpose in life, sense of belonging
- Unable to fulfil ritual responsibilities
- Stories/ song/ dance
The effect of dispossession- discuss the continuing effect of dispossession on the Aboriginal spiritualities in relation to separation from kinship groups
- Destroyed kinship system
- Loss of identity, culture, belief, laws, rituals, family links, language
- Children grew up without learning about Aboriginal life and spirituality
- Social problems- depression, demoralisation, alcohol
- Loss of language- people were forbidden to speak native language
The effect of dispossession- discuss the continuing effect of dispossession on the Aboriginal spiritualties in relation to
o Maltreatment, Sexual exploitation, Degrading forms of humiliation, Inhuman working conditions
• Detrimental effect on-
Land Culture Spirituality Identity Language Totems Kinships Ceremonies
The stolen generations When and who
Between late 1800’s- 1972 by govt. and church
Stolen Generation Attempt to
assimilate into European society
Stolen Generation based on what 2 polices
o Protection- living in an uncivilisated environment, forcing into reserves
o Assimilation- forced integration into white society to destroy aboriginal lifestyle
Native title is
form of land title that recognises the unique ties some Aboriginal groups have to land. Australian law recognises that native title exists where Aboriginal people have maintained a traditional connection to their land and waters, since sovereignty, and where acts of government have not removed it.
Native title (points)
- Religious and political movement
- Source of dreaming- important
- Control over land is means of regaining control of their lives
- Recognition by Australian law that indigenous people have rights and interests to their land that come from their traditional laws and customs
NATIVE TITLE ACT
1993
Mabo
Eddie Mabo took govt. to court then high court of Australia to get Terr Nullius overturned
Notion of Terra Nullius overturned
June 1992
The Wik Case (year)
1996
What did the Wik case say
• Said pastoral lease holders and native title could co-exist, however when conflict pastoral leases take precedent
What did Wik case lead to
Led to Native title Amendment Act 1998, otherwise known as the ’10 point plan’. Took away power from federal govt. to state
