Possible Questions Flashcards
Explain the progression from infection of SARS-CoV2 up to acquired respiratory distress syndrome
What is leptin?
What causes high leptin levels?
- Presence of more adipocytes to supply limited amount of receptors
- Leptin resistance require higher levels for same effect
- Faulty receptors
- Genetic defects in leptin or leptin-receptor genes
What 4 mechanisms can cause leptin resistance?
- Self-regulation where leptin inhibits own receptors as negative feedback
- Overactive cellular and circulatory leptin-regulators
- Limited tissue access, eg saturated CNS transport
- Genetic variation
Give 2 examples of leptin-regulators
- In cells - signaling intermediates
- Circulatory system - SLIPs
What 2 genetic mutations are associated with leptin resistance?
db/db = receptor knockout
ob/ob = leptin deficiency
How does leptin influence appetite, weight gain and lead to obesity?
How does leptin decrease food intake/appetite?
- Increased levels of insulin and leptin bind to receptors in hypothalamus.
- Insulin and leptin inhibit NPY-secreting neurons from producing NPY.
- Leptin stimulate POMC-secreting neurons to produce melanocortins.
- Melanocortins inhibit orexin secretion from LHA neurons.
- Melanocortins stimulate PVN neurons to increase corticotropic releasing hormone.
- Low orexins and high CRH decrease appetite.
How is leptin produced?
Meal intake will increase the levels of blood glucose and nutrients, increasing insulin secretion, which will then promote the release of lectin into the bloodstream from the adipocytes.
What is the relationship between leptin and insulin secretion?
Explain the biphasic response of insulin.
What is the ageing equation?
What are the differences and similarities between Parkinsons and rheumatoid arthritis, using the ageing equation?
What are the differences and similarities between Alzheimers and rheumatoid arthritis, using the ageing equation?
Name the different ageing theories
