Possible Evaluation Flashcards
types of gender bias
beta bias- underestimating differences between male behaviour and female behaviour- e.g. research with only male pps being generalised to all of the population- Asch’s Research (e.g.)
alpha bias- overestimating differences between males and females, stereotypical behaviours may be emphasised
androcentrism- taking male behaviour as the norm and female behaviour as abnormal. for e.g. medicalising a woman’s anger as a pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS)
concept of free will
by stating that humans have free will, you are essentially arguing that all actions are due to choice and control. emphasis is on personal responsibility, individual differences etc. this approach is often used by humanistic psychologists
for example- Person A made the CHOICE of acting aggressively
types of determinism
all behaviour has a root cause and is predictable.
environmental- our behaviour is caused by an external influence e.g. socialisation of parents. e.g. mum said its wrong to start a fight
biological- biological systems, such as the nervous system, govern our behaviour.
for e.g. what if Person A was PRE-DISPOSED to aggression?
Psychic- Freud argued childhood experiences and our unconscious motivations/ conflicts govern behaviour.
Freud and Skinner- “free will is an illusion”
reductionism
reducing complex behaviours and concepts to a single cause- e.g. neuron level
overlooks external factors to that behaviour- for e.g. aggression is due to a faulty MAOA gene present in 60% of all men
follow up question-then why aren’t all men aggressive?
holism
looking at all the components that have contributed to this individual’s life and current situation- key quote- “the whole being greater than the sum of its parts.”
looks at several types of explanations such as biological, environmental and social factors
e.g. Jahoda’s criteria
