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Possible DOKO #2 information Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society.

A

Socialization

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2
Q

The individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person

A

Self

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3
Q

One’s sense of agency, action, or power.

A

“I”

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4
Q

Socialized sense of self

A

“Me”

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5
Q

Someone or something outside of oneself

A

Other

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6
Q

An internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a variety of settings - regardless of whether we’ve encountered those people or places before

A

Generalized Other

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7
Q

The process by which one’s sense of social values, beliefs, and norms are reengineered, often deliberately, through an intense social process that may take place in a total institution

A

Re socialization

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8
Q

An institution in which one is totally immersed and that controls all the basics of day-to-day life; no barriers exist between the usual spheres of daily life, and all activity occurs in the same place and under the same single authority. Eg, military, jail, nursing home

A

Total Institution

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9
Q

A recognizable social position that an individual occupies

A

Status

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10
Q

The duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status

A

Role

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11
Q

The incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status

A

Role Strain

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12
Q

The tension caused by competing demands between two or more roles pertaining to different statuses

A

Role Conflict

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13
Q

All the statuses one holds simultaneously

A

Status set

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14
Q

A status into which one is born; involuntary status

A

Ascribed Status

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15
Q

One status into which one enters; voluntary status

A

Achieved Status

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16
Q

One status within a set that stands out or overrides all others

A

Master Status

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17
Q

Sets of behavioral norms assumed to accompany one’s status as male or female

A

Gender Role

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18
Q

A micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people’s actions

A

Symbolic Interactionism

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19
Q

The view of social life as essentially a theatrical performance, in which we are all actors on metaphorical stages, with roles, scripts, costumes, and sets.

A

Dramaturgical Theory

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20
Q

The esteem in which an individual is held by others.

A

Face

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21
Q

The start of an encounter

A

Opening

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22
Q

Refraining from directly interacting with someone, even someone you know, until an opening bracket has been issued.

A

Civil Inattention

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23
Q

Literally “the methods of the people”; this approach to studying human interaction focuses on the ways in which we make sense of our world, convey this understanding to others, and produce a shared social order.

A

Ethnomethodology

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24
Q

Three major aspects to socialization

A

The content and process of socialization
The context “”
The results “”

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25
Q

The content of socialization is____

A

Culture

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26
Q

Process’ have been outlined by 3 different scholars whom are…?

A

Mead
Cooley
Cohen

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27
Q

What do these process’ help us do?

A

They help us understand ourselves in relation to others.

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28
Q

The collection of thoughts and feelings when considering yourself as an object

A

Sense of self

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29
Q

What does “I” mean?

A 
“I” is 
unsocialized 
, spontaneous, 
impulsive, and creative

Tends not to consider others 

Focuses more on satisfying immediate 
desires
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30
Q

What does “me” mean?

A 
“me” is the socialized 
sense of self
that 
has been learned from interactions with 
others

Tends to consider others

Encourages conformity to norms
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31
Q

Gaze monitoring was originated by who?

A

Cohen

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32
Q

when one follows the
gaze of another and infers what they must
be thinking/feeling

A

Gaze Monitoring

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33
Q

What is the “looking glass self” and who created it?

A 
1.
We imagine our image in the eyes of 
others.
2.
We imagine others making some judgment 
about us.
3.
We experience a feeling as a result of the 
imagined judgment

COOLEY

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34
Q

Mead created what four steps to socialization?

A
  1. Pre play - imitating others
  2. Play - understanding 1 status
  3. Game stage - understanding two statuses
    4 Generalized Other - understanding society as a whole
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35
Q

A group of people, usually of similar age,
who share similar interests and social
status

A

Peer groups

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36
Q

What are the 3 contexts of socialization?

A 
1.
Biological
2.
Psychological
3.
Social
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37
Q 
a 
philosophical position where 
biological factors are thought to be 
the only factor in the socialization 
of a person.
A

Biological Determinism

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38
Q

born terrible connotation

A

Eugenics

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39
Q 
a 
philosophical position where 
biological factors are thought to 
be inconsequential in the 
socialization of a person.  
Instead, only social factors 
matter.

A

Sociological Determinism

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40
Q

the idea
that genes interact with environment to
condition outcomes.

A

Epigenetics

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41
Q

The genetic makeup of a

being

A

Genotype

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42
Q

a space where
environment deflects or alters the course
of the developing phenotype.

A

Epigenetic Space

43
Q

Observable Characteristics

A

Phenotype

44
Q

Psychological Context

A

The main idea here is that the way a
person feels interacts with their
socialization

45
Q

Generally thought of as
historical context that affects all members of a
population.

A

Period Effects

46
Q

The effect group membership

has on an individual’s socialization

A

Group Effects

47
Q

Where you are in the social

structure conditions how you are socialized.

A

Social Status

48
Q

Thoughts and emotions are ____ of socialization

A

Results

49
Q

Thinking is ____ before it is ____

A

Thinking is public before it is private

50
Q 
Shared symbols, language, and 
community precede us and give form to 
1.\_\_\_\_
2.\_\_\_\_
3.\_\_\_\_\_
A

The categories we think in
The topics we think about
and the way we think

51
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to a number of 
different processes related to 
conspecifics
including
1.\_\_\_\_
2.\_\_\_
3.\_\_\_
A

Social cognition

  1. how we pay attention
  2. the meanings that things have for us
  3. Our ability to remember and process
    information
52
Q

the ability to see the world from someone

else’s perspective.

A

role-taking

53
Q

the values and

orientations of the overall community

A

Generalized Other

54
Q

social groups that

share cognitive patterns.

A

Thought communities

55
Q

privileging
personal explanations over situational
explanations.

A

Fundamental attribution error

56
Q

the tendency to
explain negative outcomes of out
-
group
members as a result of their personality
while positive outcomes are viewed as rare.

A

Ultimate attribution error

57
Q

Sociology of emotion summed up

A

The way that we feel about feeling is tied
to social context and shared social
meanings
.
Interpretation of biological cues depends
on social label

The way we interpret our feelings depends
in part on how we’ve been socialized.

58
Q

Norms about the acceptable
feelings to experience in a certain
environment.

A

Feeling Rules

59
Q

Jobs that require
employees to manage their feelings and to
display specific feelings to their customers or
clients

A

Emotional Labor

60
Q

The practice of voluntarily
engaging in risky behavior that may
result in severe injury or death.

A

Edgework

61
Q

what levels does social structure occur in?

A

micro, mid range, and macro

62
Q

T or F

Stereotypes are often based on status

A

True

63
Q

Agreement to return criminals to the USA

A

Extradition Treaty

64
Q

A special advantage not everyone can enjoy

A

Privilege

65
Q

Intergeneration

A

Across generations

66
Q

Fowler and Christakis argue that…

A

people who have many network ties are more likely to be happy

67
Q

Fowler and Christakis demonstrate that…

A

happiness is a network phenomenon

68
Q

Social Networks represent another way of thinking about….?

Why?

A

Another way of thinking about social structure

Because they are often produced by recurrent behaviors i.e., social structure

69
Q

What are social networks?

A

Sets of relations, links, or ties among social actors.

70
Q

Social networks may be operationalized in many different ways

  1. _____
  2. ____
  3. ____
A

Observation by researchers
Nominations by ego
Nominations by alters

71
Q

Why are social networks important?

A

Because they have an impact on our everyday lives.

72
Q

how do social networks affect our everyday lives?

A

They affect our behavior, how we feel, and more!

73
Q

Regarding the Framingham heart study (FHS) how many people were in the sample (happiness study) and what years?

A

4739 1983-2003

74
Q

(FHS) Happiness was measured by…?

A

a four point scale

75
Q

What was the major finding from FHS?

A

Happiness is greater for those surrounded by many happy people.

76
Q

Having a happy spouse increases probability of happy ego by____

A

8%

77
Q

Having a happy friend increases probability of happy ego by ___

A

25%

78
Q

Having a happy sibling increases probability of happy ego by ___

A

14%

79
Q

Having a happy next door neighbor increases probability of happy ego by ___

A

34%

80
Q

Having a happy nearby mutual friend increases probability of happy ego by___

A

63%

81
Q

How much was the sample for the smoking study and during what time period?

A

12,067

1971-2003

82
Q

The smoking study showed that ….

A 
Smoking decreases in sample reflect national 
trends (among 40
-
49 year old folks: 66%

22%
)

Smokers become more peripheral 

Friends with more education had more influence 
on one another than friends with less education.
83
Q

Cessation by spouse decreases ego’s chances of smoking by____%

A

67

84
Q

Cessation by sibling decreases ego’s chances of smoking by___$

A

25

85
Q

Cessation by friend decreases ego’s chances of smoking by____%

A

36

86
Q

Cessation by co-worker decreases ego’s chances of smoking by___%

A

34

87
Q

Some ties are stronger than others, this means that …

A

Some ties represent relationships that are more likely to produce desired outcomes.

88
Q

What could account for the differences in the strength in ties?

A
  1. Some ties represent more frequent interaction
  2. Personal evaluations
  3. transfer of material resources
  4. information
  5. formal roles
  6. kinship
89
Q

Social Location

A

Meaning “where” a person is in the social network

90
Q

If you have many contacts within a social network, then you are____

A

central

91
Q

If you have few contacts within a social network than you are___

A

Peripheral

92
Q

Based on Hollywood, centrality….

A

Does not come primarily from receiving awards,
or doing a lot of work.

Does come from working with diverse groups
.

93
Q

Engaging in behaviors and/or adopting

beliefs that are socially acceptable

A

Conformity

94
Q

The justifiable right to exercise power

A

Authority

95
Q

When people perceive their circumstances to be real, these circumstances become real in their consequences.

A

Thomas Theorem

96
Q

The focal individual, this is the person whose behavior is being analyzed.

A

Ego

97
Q

A person connected to the ego ; this is the person who is potentially influencing the behavior of the ego

A

Alter

98
Q

Node

A

a person

99
Q

the tendency for people to choose relationships with people who have similar attributes.

A

homophily

100
Q

relationship between two nodes

A

social tie

101
Q

component

A

group of nodes that is a subset of a full network. Any subset.

102
Q

Grouping of people that are the same or similiar

A

cluster

103
Q

focusing on your own species

A

conspecifics

Sociology (5 decks)

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