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Possible DOKO #2 information Flashcards

1
Q

The process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society.

A

Socialization

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2
Q

The individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person

A

Self

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3
Q

One’s sense of agency, action, or power.

A

“I”

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4
Q

Socialized sense of self

A

“Me”

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5
Q

Someone or something outside of oneself

A

Other

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6
Q

An internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a variety of settings - regardless of whether we’ve encountered those people or places before

A

Generalized Other

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7
Q

The process by which one’s sense of social values, beliefs, and norms are reengineered, often deliberately, through an intense social process that may take place in a total institution

A

Re socialization

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8
Q

An institution in which one is totally immersed and that controls all the basics of day-to-day life; no barriers exist between the usual spheres of daily life, and all activity occurs in the same place and under the same single authority. Eg, military, jail, nursing home

A

Total Institution

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9
Q

A recognizable social position that an individual occupies

A

Status

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10
Q

The duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status

A

Role

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11
Q

The incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status

A

Role Strain

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12
Q

The tension caused by competing demands between two or more roles pertaining to different statuses

A

Role Conflict

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13
Q

All the statuses one holds simultaneously

A

Status set

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14
Q

A status into which one is born; involuntary status

A

Ascribed Status

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15
Q

One status into which one enters; voluntary status

A

Achieved Status

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16
Q

One status within a set that stands out or overrides all others

A

Master Status

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17
Q

Sets of behavioral norms assumed to accompany one’s status as male or female

A

Gender Role

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18
Q

A micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people’s actions

A

Symbolic Interactionism

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19
Q

The view of social life as essentially a theatrical performance, in which we are all actors on metaphorical stages, with roles, scripts, costumes, and sets.

A

Dramaturgical Theory

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20
Q

The esteem in which an individual is held by others.

A

Face

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21
Q

The start of an encounter

A

Opening

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22
Q

Refraining from directly interacting with someone, even someone you know, until an opening bracket has been issued.

A

Civil Inattention

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23
Q

Literally “the methods of the people”; this approach to studying human interaction focuses on the ways in which we make sense of our world, convey this understanding to others, and produce a shared social order.

A

Ethnomethodology

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24
Q

Three major aspects to socialization

A

The content and process of socialization
The context “”
The results “”

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25
The content of socialization is____
Culture
26
Process' have been outlined by 3 different scholars whom are...?
Mead Cooley Cohen
27
What do these process' help us do?
They help us understand ourselves in relation to others.
28
The collection of thoughts and feelings when considering yourself as an object
Sense of self
29
What does "I" mean?
``` “I” is unsocialized , spontaneous, impulsive, and creative  Tends not to consider others  Focuses more on satisfying immediate desires ```
30
What does "me" mean?
``` “me” is the socialized sense of self that has been learned from interactions with others  Tends to consider others  Encourages conformity to norms ```
31
Gaze monitoring was originated by who?
Cohen
32
when one follows the gaze of another and infers what they must be thinking/feeling
Gaze Monitoring
33
What is the "looking glass self" and who created it?
``` 1. We imagine our image in the eyes of others. 2. We imagine others making some judgment about us. 3. We experience a feeling as a result of the imagined judgment ``` COOLEY
34
Mead created what four steps to socialization?
1. Pre play - imitating others 2. Play - understanding 1 status 3. Game stage - understanding two statuses 4 Generalized Other - understanding society as a whole
35
A group of people, usually of similar age, who share similar interests and social status
Peer groups
36
What are the 3 contexts of socialization?
``` 1. Biological 2. Psychological 3. Social ```
37
``` a philosophical position where biological factors are thought to be the only factor in the socialization of a person. ```
Biological Determinism
38
Means “well - born terrible connotation
Eugenics
39
``` a philosophical position where biological factors are thought to be inconsequential in the socialization of a person. Instead, only social factors matter.  ```
Sociological Determinism
40
the idea that genes interact with environment to condition outcomes.
Epigenetics
41
The genetic makeup of a | being
Genotype
42
a space where environment deflects or alters the course of the developing phenotype.
Epigenetic Space
43
Observable Characteristics
Phenotype
44
Psychological Context
The main idea here is that the way a person feels interacts with their socialization
45
Generally thought of as historical context that affects all members of a population.
Period Effects
46
The effect group membership | has on an individual’s socialization
Group Effects
47
Where you are in the social | structure conditions how you are socialized.
Social Status
48
Thoughts and emotions are ____ of socialization
Results
49
Thinking is ____ before it is ____
Thinking is public before it is private
50
``` Shared symbols, language, and community precede us and give form to 1.____ 2.____ 3._____ ```
The categories we think in The topics we think about and the way we think
51
``` ______ refers to a number of different processes related to conspecifics including 1.____ 2.___ 3.___ ```
Social cognition 1. how we pay attention 2. the meanings that things have for us 3. Our ability to remember and process information
52
the ability to see the world from someone | else’s perspective.
role-taking
53
the values and | orientations of the overall community
Generalized Other
54
social groups that | share cognitive patterns.
Thought communities
55
privileging personal explanations over situational explanations.
Fundamental attribution error
56
the tendency to explain negative outcomes of out - group members as a result of their personality while positive outcomes are viewed as rare.
Ultimate attribution error
57
Sociology of emotion summed up
The way that we feel about feeling is tied to social context and shared social meanings . Interpretation of biological cues depends on social label  The way we interpret our feelings depends in part on how we’ve been socialized.
58
Norms about the acceptable feelings to experience in a certain environment.
Feeling Rules
59
Jobs that require employees to manage their feelings and to display specific feelings to their customers or clients
Emotional Labor
60
The practice of voluntarily engaging in risky behavior that may result in severe injury or death.
Edgework
61
what levels does social structure occur in?
micro, mid range, and macro
62
T or F | Stereotypes are often based on status
True
63
Agreement to return criminals to the USA
Extradition Treaty
64
A special advantage not everyone can enjoy
Privilege
65
Intergeneration
Across generations
66
Fowler and Christakis argue that...
people who have many network ties are more likely to be happy
67
Fowler and Christakis demonstrate that...
happiness is a network phenomenon
68
Social Networks represent another way of thinking about....? Why?
Another way of thinking about social structure Because they are often produced by recurrent behaviors i.e., social structure
69
What are social networks?
Sets of relations, links, or ties among social actors.
70
Social networks may be operationalized in many different ways 1. _____ 2. ____ 3. ____
Observation by researchers Nominations by ego Nominations by alters
71
Why are social networks important?
Because they have an impact on our everyday lives.
72
how do social networks affect our everyday lives?
They affect our behavior, how we feel, and more!
73
Regarding the Framingham heart study (FHS) how many people were in the sample (happiness study) and what years?
4739 1983-2003
74
(FHS) Happiness was measured by...?
a four point scale
75
What was the major finding from FHS?
Happiness is greater for those surrounded by many happy people.
76
Having a happy spouse increases probability of happy ego by____
8%
77
Having a happy friend increases probability of happy ego by ___
25%
78
Having a happy sibling increases probability of happy ego by ___
14%
79
Having a happy next door neighbor increases probability of happy ego by ___
34%
80
Having a happy nearby mutual friend increases probability of happy ego by___
63%
81
How much was the sample for the smoking study and during what time period?
12,067 | 1971-2003
82
The smoking study showed that ....
``` Smoking decreases in sample reflect national trends (among 40 - 49 year old folks: 66%  22% )  Smokers become more peripheral  Friends with more education had more influence on one another than friends with less education. ```
83
Cessation by spouse decreases ego's chances of smoking by____%
67
84
Cessation by sibling decreases ego's chances of smoking by___$
25
85
Cessation by friend decreases ego's chances of smoking by____%
36
86
Cessation by co-worker decreases ego's chances of smoking by___%
34
87
Some ties are stronger than others, this means that ...
Some ties represent relationships that are more likely to produce desired outcomes.
88
What could account for the differences in the strength in ties?
1. Some ties represent more frequent interaction 2. Personal evaluations 3. transfer of material resources 4. information 5. formal roles 6. kinship
89
Social Location
Meaning "where" a person is in the social network
90
If you have many contacts within a social network, then you are____
central
91
If you have few contacts within a social network than you are___
Peripheral
92
Based on Hollywood, centrality....
Does not come primarily from receiving awards, or doing a lot of work.  Does come from working with diverse groups .
93
Engaging in behaviors and/or adopting | beliefs that are socially acceptable
Conformity
94
The justifiable right to exercise power
Authority
95
When people perceive their circumstances to be real, these circumstances become real in their consequences.
Thomas Theorem
96
The focal individual, this is the person whose behavior is being analyzed.
Ego
97
A person connected to the ego ; this is the person who is potentially influencing the behavior of the ego
Alter
98
Node
a person
99
the tendency for people to choose relationships with people who have similar attributes.
homophily
100
relationship between two nodes
social tie
101
component
group of nodes that is a subset of a full network. Any subset.
102
Grouping of people that are the same or similiar
cluster
103
focusing on your own species
conspecifics

Sociology (5 decks)

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