Positioning series 3 Flashcards
Lateral C-spine trauma
Always perform this projection 1st before any other projection
-72” SID
10 x 12” IR= placed in an IR Holder that sits atop of the pt. shoulder
CR: horizontal & perpendicular : enters C4
Respiration: Take a deep breath in, out and hold
( try to relax shoulders)
-If T1 is not seen then a swimmers is needed
For a lateral C-spine trauma you want to keep collimation open to include the _____
Sella Turcica
Which projection is usually performed after the lateral projection?
AP axial C-spine
AP axial C-spine trauma
IR: 10 x 12” LW
CR: MSP & exits @ level of C4 (enters slightly inferior to thyroid cartilage)
Tube angled 15-20 degrees cephalad
-Pt. to look straight ahead w/o rotation of neck
-Respiration: SUSPEND
For an AP axial c-spine trauma what should you see on the radiograph
C3-T1-T2
Always perform ___ positions before AP projection of the spine to rule out vertebral fractures / dislocation
Dorsal decubitus
For a lateral T-spine the top of the IR should be placed ____ above the shoulders
1 1/2 = 2 inches above shoulders
Lateral T-spine trauma
-14 x 17” IR CW on IR holder
-FOV: 8 x 17”
CR: enters poster. half of thorax& @ level of T7
-Remove arms out of the way
-horizontal and perpendicular beam
- Respiration: breath normal, your going to hear a long beep and I will take the image
Lateral L-spine trauma
14 x 17” IR CW on IR holder
-FOV: 8 x 17”
CR: enters MCP& @ the level of the IC
Respiration: Suspend @ the end of expiration
For a chest trauma pt., if it necessary to see fluid levels what can be done
x-table lateral x-ray beam
( dorsal decub position) can be performed
Why must the maximum SID be used during a chest x-ray trauam?
to minimize magnification of heart shadow
Mark entrance and exit wounds with____ if evaluating or penetrating injury
Radio opaque indicators
How can you check for rotation on a trauma chest
Ensuring shoulders are equidistant to IR
Where does the CR enter for an AP chest
MSP & 3” below jugular notch
_____ is usually used to evaluate abdominal trauama
Sonography
For a trauma chest use _____ precautions if wounds or bleeding is present
Universal
For an AP abdominal trauma , use ____ precautions if wounds or bleeding or both are presnt
Standard
For Lt. later decub or chest, the patient should remain in the position for ____ min. prior to exposure
5 min. to allow free air to rise
For trauma pelvis: Should internal rotation of the LE be done?
What does this cause
NO
-Causes femoral necks to be foreshortened & & lesser trochanters are seen
What is the leading cause of death in MVA
Internal injuries caused by pelvis fractures
Term for the fracture in which the pubic symphysis and SI joints separate from where the ileum bones join the spine?
Open book fracture
are the femoral heads in a trauama AP pelvis affected by the “ AS pelvis” - no rotation of LE?
No heads are not, just the femoral neck
What is the name for the axiolateral projection of the hip
Danelius miller method
AKA: cross table lateral or surgical lateral hip
What is the CR entrance for the axiolateral hip
danelieus miller method
CR:Horizontal CR, perpendicular to femoral neck
When lifting an injured limb, do so by supporting it at ___ and lift slowly
both joints
How should a scapular y view be done for a trauma pt.
Place sponge underneath affected should to rotate pt. 45 degrees.
How should the tube be angled for an AP mortise ( AP oblique) ankle
CR: 15-20 degrees lateralmedial
During a portable exam an rt and others must stand ____ ft.
6 ft.
Displacement from a joint is known as
luxation or dislocation
Partial dislocation of a joint
subluxation
ususally with the spine
Relationship of the long axis of fractured fragments
Apposition
2 types: 1. anatomical = fractured but aligned or 2.Lack of apposition ( aka: bayonet =not aligned
Term for an apposition fracture in which it is aligned is temed?
Anatomical apposition
Term for an apposition fracture in which the bones are not aligned
Lack of apposition or aka: Bayonet
Which apex angulation is displaced medially
Varus
Which apex angulation is displaced laterally
Valgus
Fracture in which bone does not break through the skin
simple fracture
closed fracture
Fracture in which bone protrudes through the skin is known as?
Compound fracture
aka:
(open fracture)
Fracture that does not transverse through entire bone is known as?
Incomplete fracture
ex: green stick
Fracture in which there are 2 or more fragments is known as
Comminuted fracture
Fracture in which one fragment is driven into another is known as
Impacted fracture
Posterior displacement of distal radius is known as
Colles’ fracture
A reverse colles’ fracture is known as
Smiths fracture
anterior displacement
Fracture of
both medial & lateral malleoli
& post. aspect of tibia is known as
Trimalleolar
TUFT fracture is a comminuated fracture of the
Distal phalanx
Fracture of the patella is known as
stellate fracture
How would you position for a trauma C-spine oblique
roll the pt. 45
angle 45 and add 15 degree cephalad angle
