Positioning Lab Exam 2

Question 1

Projection: Anteroposterior Projection of Foot (Dorso-Plantar)

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 1

1) Patient Position: supine; with foot flat on table; (plantar surface of foot resting on table)
2) Direction of Tube: 10 degree angle posteriorly (toward the heel); or perpendicular
3) Central Ray: the CR is centered at the proximal end (base) of the 3rd metatarsal
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: lengthwise
5) IR Location: Table top
6) SID: 40”
7) joints should appear open. Intertarsals
spaces and all phalanges should be clearly seen. Bony trabeculation should be well defined.

Note:
* CR is Perpendicular for foreign bodies
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 2

Projection: Oblique view of Foot (medial oblique)

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 2

Projection: Oblique view of Foot (medial oblique)
1) Patient Position: supine; with foot turned toward the inside to a 30 degree angle with the plane of the IR.
>Some departments do a 450 medial oblique because this will separate the bases of the 2nd
- 5th metatarsals.
>But the routine is a 30 degree oblique. (Textbook 30º – 40º)
2) Direction Tube: perpendicular
3) Central Ray: the CR to the base to the third metatarsal
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: lengthwise
5) Table top
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: intertarsals spaces, joint spaces of the proximal end of the metatarsals, and calcaneus; bases
of the 3, 4, 5 metatarsals should be projected clear; 1 & 2 overlap at the base; The tuberosity at the base of the
fifth metatarsal is well demonstrated on this view

Note:
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 3

Lateral view of Foot medial lateral projection

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 3

1) Patient Position: sitting or supine (foot resting on lateral side)
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered to the level of base of the 3rd metatarsal and to medial cuniform
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: lengthwise
5) Table Top
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: calcaneus, intertarsals spaces, and joints of the metatarsals; phalanges and metatarsals are
nearly superimposed;

Note:
* Lateromedial projection will projected the foot in a true lateral position but this position is more
uncomfortable for patient.
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 4

View: Axial view of Calcaneus Plantodorsal projection (Os calcis)

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 4

1) Patient Position: sitting (toes pointing up); doriseflex foot to place the plantar surface of the foot perpendicular to the cassette.
2) Direction of Tube: 40 degree angle towards the head (cephalad)
3) Central Ray: the CR is centered to the calcaneus; at the level of the base of the 3rd metatarsal, but at the midline of the foot.
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: lengthwise
5) table top
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: Axial view of the calcaneus (os calcis) which includes the trochlear process, lateral process, sustentculum tali, talocalcaneal joint, and tuberosity; there should be sufficient density to demonstrate the subtalar joint.

NOTE: (on ARRT both projections are included)
* Two projections of the axial view of os calcis are sometimes necessary to achieve good density this is
because of the unequal thickness of the os calcis.
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 5

View: Lateral view of the Calcaneus

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 5

1) Patient Position: supine (Foot resting on lateral side) plantar surface perpendicular to IR.
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered at the middle part of the calcaneus; about 1 to 1 ½ inches distal to the medial malleolus.
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: lengthwise
5) Table top
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: Lateral view of the calcaneus; Sinus tarsi should be well seen; Trabecular markings should be well defined.

Note:
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 6

Projection: Anteroposterior projection of Ankle (mortice joint)

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 6

1) Patient Position: supine; plantar surface perpendicular to IR (intermalleolar line not parallel)
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered at the joint midway between the malleoli;
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: Crosswise
5) Table top
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: the distal shaft of fibula, tibia, and the lateral and medial malleous; there should be just minimum overlap of the talo-tibial joint the medial and upper portion of the ankle joint should be open while the lateral portion is closed.

Note:
* To demonstrate the whole ankle joint open need a 15° to 20° medial oblique. This oblique will place the coronal plane between the lateral and medial malleolus parallel to the IR.
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 7

View: Oblique view of Ankle (45* medial oblique)

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 7

1) Patient Position: supine; with toes turned in at a 45 degree angle (turn foot and leg)
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered at the ankle joint( Midway Between Malleoli)
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: Crosswise
5) Table top
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: distal end of tibia, fibula, midshaft of metatarsals, and medial and lateral malleolus should appear on the image; distal tibiofibular articulation should be well demonstrated; lateral malleolus should be projected clear. Also, demo is the Tuberosity of the 5th Metatarsal.

Note:
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 8

View: Lateral view of Ankle; medial lateral projection

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 8

1) Patient Position: supine; with lateral side against the IR
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered at the medial malleolus
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: crosswise or length wise
5) Table top
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: Lateral view of distal end of tibia, fibula; tibiotalar articulation projected clear.

Note:
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 9

Projection: Anterorposterior of the Lower Leg (Tibia-Fibula)

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 9

1) Patient Position: supine, with no rotation of the pelvis; femoral epicondyles parallel to the IR; plantar surface
of foot perpendicular to IR
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered at the mid-shaft of tibia and fibula
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 14 x 17 IR Position: length wise
5) Table top
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: Entire Fibula and Tibia including the Ankle and Knee joints should be demonstrated on the image. Fibula is projected lateral to the Tibia.

Note:
* R or L marker should be on the image
* SID can be high than 40” if legs are long

Question 10

View: Lateral view of Lower Leg (Tibia-Fibula)

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 10

1) Patient Position: supine, lateral part of leg should be on table; patella perpendicular to table
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered at the mid-shaft of the tibia
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 14 x 17 IR Position: length wise
5) Table top
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: both joints, distal ends of femur and entire view of the tibia and fibula; fibula should be projected posterior to the tibia with only the ends overlapping

Note:
* R or L marker should be on the image
* SID can be high than 40” if legs are long

Question 11

Projection: Anteroposterior projection of Knee

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 11

1) Patient Position: supine (leg fully extended); femoral epicondyles line parallel to IR
2) Direction of Tube: CR angle depends on size of patient.
>Measure patient from ASIS to Table-Top
>Less 19cm CR angled 5* caudad (thin person)
>19-24cm CR is Perpendicular (average person)
>Greater 24cm CR angled 5* cephalad (big person)
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered half inch distal (below) the apex of patella
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: length wise
5) Bucky
6) Focal IR Distance: 40”
7) Bony Markings: femoral condyles, patella, head of fibula, intercondyloid Eminence, tibial plateau. Knee joint should be clearly seen; medial slope of Fibular head should be superimposed on Tibia; The patella should be situated midway between femoral Epicondyles.

Note:
* R or L marker should be on the image
* The objective of the CR angle is to have CR parallel to tibial plateau.

Question 12

Projection: A.P. medial oblique of Knee

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 12

1) Patient Position: supine, extremity is fully extended and rotated medially to form a 45*angle with plane of
the table.
2) Direction of tube: same requirement as AP (refer to AP measurements)
3) Central Ray: to the knee joint which is 1/2” distal to apex of patella
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: Length wise
5) Bucky
6) Focal IR Distance: 40”
7) Bony Markings: Fibular head should be projected clear; the interspace between the head of the Fibula and
the Tibia should be clearly visualized (Proximal tibiofibular joint); the medial margin of the Patella should clear
the Femur.

Note:
* R or L marker should be on the image
* If only one oblique is required, it’s more common to do this oblique (medial oblique)

Question 13

View: Lateral view of Knee

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 13

1) Patient Position: recumbent; lateral surface of leg resting on table; knee flexed 20-30 degrees; patella
perpendicular to table; epicondyles perpendicular to table;
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular or angle 5 – 7 degrees toward the head to demonstrate joint
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered to a point 1 inch distal to the medial epicondyle.
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: Lengthwise
5) Bucky
6) Focal IR Distance: 40”
7) Bony Markings: lateral view of the lower end of the femur, knee joint should be clearly seen; A “true” lateral
view of knee if femoropatellar space is open and condyles are Superimposed

Note:
* R or L marker should be on the image
* If patient cannot be rotated do cross table lateral. (Horizontal beam projection)

Question 14

Projection: Posteroanterior of Patella

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 14

1) Patient Position: prone (leg fully extended); if patient cannot assume this position do A.P.
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular
3) Central Ray: the central ray is centered at the patella
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: Length wise
5) Bucky
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: Frontal view of patella

Note:
* Lateral of patella same as lateral knee, but use table top technique (detail screens) can also be done cross table lateral (CR to femoropatellar joint)
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 15

View: Lateral view of Patella

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 15

1) Patient Position: recumbent; lateral surface of leg resting on table; knee flexed 20-30 degrees; patella
perpendicular to table; epicondyles perpendicular to table;
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular or angle 5 – 7 degrees toward the head to demonstrate joint
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered to a point 1 inch distal to the medial epicondyle.
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: Lengthwise
5) Bucky
6) Focal IR Distance: 40”
7) Bony Markings: lateral view of the lower end of the femur, patellofemoral joint, knee joint should be clearly seen; A “true” lateral view of knee if femoropatellar space is open and condyles are Superimposed

Note:
* R or L marker should be on the image
* If patient cannot be rotated do cross table lateral. (Horizontal beam projection)
* Same as Lateral view of Knee

Question 16

View: Special Tangential view of Patella
(Settegast Position, Axial view, Sunrise view, Skyline view)

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 16

1) Patient Position: prone or spine; flex the knee slowly until the patella is perpendicular to the IR.
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular to the Patello-Femoral Joint space (angled 10* - 15 cephalic)
>CR must be Tangential to Patella
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered at the patella between femoral condyles.
>Angle of the C.R. depends on flexion of leg. (about 10-15 degrees)
> CR must be tangential to patella
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: Length wise
5) Table top
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: axial view of the patella, used to demonstrate vertical fractures; articular surface of Patella
and femur is well demonstrated on this projection.

Note:
* This view should not be done when a Transverse Fracture is present. First do the frontal and lateral
views to rule out a transverse fracture if no transverse fracture is demonstrated proceed with Axial
view.
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 17

Projection: A.P. of Femur

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 17

1) Patient Position: supine, foot is rotated inward 15 degrees to overcome anteversion (distortion) of the
femoral necks. Epicondyles are parallel to IR.
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered at the midshaft of the femur; include the hip and knee joint if possible on IR
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 14 x 17 IR Position: length wise
5) Bucky
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: entire femur; femoral neck not foreshortened; greater trochanter demonstrated in profile;
lesser trochanter not seen or just a very small portion is seen.

NOTE:
* If patient is too tall to include entire femur on a 14x17, obtain second view to include the area not
included on first IR. In case of fracture do as is do not rotate leg.
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 18

View: Lateral view of Femur

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 18

1) Patient Position: recumbnet turn on Lateral side ; affected side closer to table; draw the upper leg posteriorly to demonstrate hip; draw the upper leg anterior to demonstrate the knee joint; flex knee about 45 degrees; patella perpendicular to table
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered at the midshaft of femur
4) IR Size: Digital IR or 14 x 17 IR Position: lengthwise
5) Bucky
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: lateral view of lower ⅔ of the femur and knee joint

NOTE:
* This position not done in cases of fracture; do cross-table lateral or other trauma views.
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 19

Projection: Anteroposterior of the Pelvis

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 19

1) Patient Position: supine; with toes inverted 15 - 20 degrees (touching each other) If fracture is suspected do
not invert feet.
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular
3) Central Ray: 2 inches inferior to ASIS (Which is midway between the ASIS and symphysis pubis)
4) IR Size: Digital IR or 14 x 17 IR Position: crosswise
5) Bucky “This exam can be done with a grid on the stretcher”
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: pelvic girdle hip, neck, trochanter, upper 1/3 of the femur; femoral necks without
anteversion; symmetrical obturator foramina; ischial spines equally demonstrated. (A true AP will demo
greater trochanters)

NOTE:
* The routine at most places is that on the initial exam of a hip a view of the entire pelvis be done.
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 20

Projection: Anteroposterior of Hip (unilateral)

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 20

1) Patient Position: supine, rotate the foot inward; (foot inverted 15 to 20 degrees); no rotation of the pelvis; DO NOT rotate feet in cases of fracture.
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered to mid femoral neck; to the mid femoral area at a level to a point just above
greater trochanter. (1” to 2” medial & 3” – 4” distal to ASIS)
4) IR Size: Digital IR or 10 x 12 IR Position: lengthwise
5) Bucky –Can be done on stretcher using a gird
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: hip bone, head, neck not foreshortened, 1/3 of the proximal femur, and the greater trochanter is seen in profile; a very small portion of the lesser trochanter might be seen.

NOTE:
* This view is commonly used when it’s a follow-up exam of the hip or postoperative exam of hip.
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 21

View: Lateral view of the Hip (Frog- lateral) (Modified Cleaves position)

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 21

1) Patient Position: supine; flex the knee and put the soles of feet together; & place femur 40 to 45 degrees from table
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular or angled
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered perpendicular to the femoral neck (modified Cleaves) or angle cephalad (about 200 to 250 so tube is parallel to long axis of femur original Cleaves); The CR angle is preferred by some
because the greater trochanter will not superimpose as much of the neck.
4) IR Size: Digital IR or 10 x 12 IR Position: crosswise
5) Bucky
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: head, neck, and trochanter of femur; (small portion of lesser trochanter is demonstrated on the posterior surface of the femur.

Note:
* This view should not be attempted on trauma patients, when history of fracture is noted or for post-surgical follow-ups. Do cross-table or other trauma views.
* R or L marker should be on the image
* Can be done unilateral or bilateral

Question 22

View: Lateral view of Hip
(Danelius-Miller Modification Femoral neck of Lorenz position) also (cross-table lateral) (Axiolateral projection)

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 22

1) Patient Position: supine; raise the uninjured leg up
2) Direction of Tube: perpendicular to the IR (IR should be parallel to femoral neck; this will place the C.R.
perpendicular to long axis of femoral neck.
3) Central Ray: the ray is centered at the head of femur (CR Parallel to table) perpendicular to the IR.
4) IR Size: Digital IR or 10 x 12 with grid IR Position: lengthwise
5) GRID
6) SID: 40”
7) Bony Markings: Femoral neck, head, hip joint and acetabulum; small portion of lesser trochanter is seen on
the posterior surface of the femur. Any orthopedic appliance should be demonstrated in its entirety.

Note:
* R or L marker should be on the image
* This is the routine projection in cases of trauma or surgery or post-surgery or any other time in which
the leg cannot be moved.

!Not on Physical Positioning Test!

Question 23

Projection: P. A. of Chest

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 23

1) Patient Position: Upright in the P.A. position; Arms are rotated internally with the hands in extreme pronation; The dorsal surface of the hands is resting on the hips; (Shoulders forward to move scapula’s out of the way)
2) Direction of Tube: Perpendicular to IR
3) Central Ray: is directed horizontally to the mid-sagittal plane at the level of the seventh Thoracic vertebra (T-7 or D-7)
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 14 x 17 IR Position: LENGTHWISE
5) Use a Wall Bucky or Grid; (or non-grid depending on size of patient)
6) S.I.D. 72”
7) Bony Markings:
All the lung fields should be visualized including the costophrenic angles; The scapulae should be rotated so that they do not overlap the lung fields; The heads of Clavicle should project at about the level of the fourth Posterior Ribs; The Medial Margins of the heads of the clavicle should be equidistant from the spinous processes; The diaphragm should be at the level of the Tenth Posterior Rib. No motion. Full inspiration. Good inspiration will demonstrate 10 ribs above the diaphragm

Notes:
* Respiration is suspended at the Completion of the Second Full inspiration.
* Note: R or L marker should be on the image
* Reasons for PA and 72” SID - decrease magnification of the heart

Question 24

Projection: Left Lateral Chest

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 24

1) Patient Position: Upright Lateral Position; Arms are elevated above the head; Forearm resting on top of the head
2) Direction of Tube: Perpendicular to IR
3) Central Ray: directed horizontally to level of the mid-axillary at the level of the T-7
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 14 x 17 IR Position: LENGTHWISE
5) Wall Bucky or Grid
6) S.I.D. 72”
7) Bony Markings: True Lateral view of entire lung fields
There should be no rotation of the patient. Posterior ribs should be superimposed. Chin and arms are elevated
No motion

Notes:
* Respiration is suspended at the completion of the second full inspiration.
* R or L marker should be on the image

Question 25

Projection: A.P. Ribs or P.A. Ribs (above diaphragm)

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 25

1) Patient Position: Supine for posterior ribs; Prone for anterior ribs
2) Direction of Tube: Perpendicular to IR
3) Central Ray: T 7 - 3 to 4 inches below the jugular notch;
(which is the top of the manubrium)
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 14 x 17 IR Position: lengthwise
5) Bucky
6) S.I.D. 40”
7) Bony Markings: Supine IR demonstrates posterior portion of the ribs above the diaphragm
* Done in full inspiration

Question 26

Projection: A.P ribs (below diaphragm)

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 26

1) Patient Position: Supine for posterior ribs; Prone for anterior ribs
2) Direction of Tube: Perpendicular to IR
3) Central Ray: To a point midway between the xiphoid and lower rib cage
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 11 X 14 or 10 X 12 IR Position: lengthwise
5) Bucky
6) S.I.D. 40”
7) Bony Markings: Supine IR demonstrates posterior portion of the ribs above the diaphragm
* Done in full inspiration

Question 27

Projection: Oblique Sternum

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 27

1) Patient Position: Right anterior oblique with 15 – 20 degrees rotation;Sternum centered to mid-line of table; Right arm resting alongside; Left arm elevated above head
2) Direction of Tube: Perpendicular
3) Central Ray: to the center of body sternum
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: lengthwise
5) Bucky
6) S.I.D. 40” SID (However some tech use a short SID 32”)
9.) Bony Markings: Entire Sternum projected over heart shadow

• Breathing technique can be used or respiration is suspended at the completion of expiration
• Note: R or L marker should be on the image

Question 28

Projection: Lateral Sternum

1) Patient Position:
2) Direction of Tube:
3) Central Ray:
4) Digital IR or IR Size & IR Position:
5) IR Location:
6) SID:
7) Boney Markings:

Answer 28

1) Patient Position: Lateral Recumbent or lateral erect; recumbent sternum centered to mid-line of table;
arms elevated overhead; hips and knees slightly flexed or erect; For erect lateral have patient lock hand behind lower back and throw shoulders forward.
2) Direction of Tube: Perpendicular to the IR
3) Central Ray: to the center of the body of the sternum
4) Digital IR or IR Size: 10 x 12 IR Position: lengthwise
5) Bucky or Grid
6) S.I.D. 40”
7) Bony Markings: Lateral view of entire sternum. No rotation.

• Respiration is suspended at the end of full inspiration
• Note: R or L marker should be on the image