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Skull > Positioning > Flashcards

Positioning Flashcards

1
Q

Describe a mesoceophalic head shape.

A
  • average head

- width 75-80% of length

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2
Q

Describe a Bradycephalic head shape.

A

-width is 80% or more of length

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3
Q

Describe a Dolichocephalic head shape.

A

-width is less than 75% of length

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4
Q

What are the positioning lines used on an AP axial Towne?

A

MSP perpendicular

OML or IOML perpendicular

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5
Q

What is the tube angle on an AP Axial Towne if the OML is perpendicular to the IR?

A

30 degrees caudal

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6
Q

What is the tube angle on an AP Axial Towne if the IOML is perpendicular to the IR?

A

37 degrees caudal

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7
Q

Where do you center on an AP axial Towne?

A

2 1/2 inches above the glabella

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8
Q

The AP axial Towne demonstrates what cranial bone?

A

the occipital

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9
Q

What is demonstrated within the foramen magnum on an AP axial Towne?

A

the dorsum sella

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10
Q

What is the alternative to the Towne Method?

A

PA axial Haas method

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11
Q

Why would you do use the Haas method over the Towne?

A

For patients that cannot flex their neck

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12
Q

What positioning lines are used for the PA axial Haas method?

A

OML perpendicular

MSP perpendicular

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13
Q

What is the tube angle for a PA axial Haas?

A

25 degrees cephalad

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14
Q

Where do you center for a PA axial Haas?

A

center to exit 1 1/2 inches above the nasion

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15
Q

What is the main difference in images between the Towne and Haas?

A

The dorsum sella within the foramen magnum are magnified. The occipital bone is also magnified.

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16
Q

How can you tell if rotation is present on an AP Towne or PA Haas?

A

the petrous ridges are symmetrical

17
Q

What positioning lines are involved with the Lateral Skull?

A

MSP parallel
Interpupillary Line is perpendicular
IOML is perpendicular to front edge of IR

18
Q

What is the centering point for the lateral skull?

A

2 inches superior to the EAM

19
Q

Why might a sponge under the patients head be necessary on a lateral skull?

A

In order to reduce tilt on a patient with a large chest

20
Q

If the entire skull is not in the 10x12 area on a lateral skull what other centering point can you use?

A

A midpoint between the nasion and the inion

21
Q

How can you detect rotation on a lateral skull?

A

The two anterior clinoid processes not being superimposed show rotation

22
Q

How can you detect tilt on a lateral skull?

A

the supraorbital ridges not being superimposed shows tilt

23
Q

What positioning lines are involved with sella turcica?

A

IPL perpendicular
MSP parallel
IOML perpendicular to the front edge of the IR

24
Q

Where do you center on a lateral sella turcica?

A

3/4th inch anterior and 3/4th inch superior to the EAM

25
Q

What do you collimate for a sella turcica?

A

4x4

26
Q

What ensures no rotation on the lateral sella turcica?

A

the anterior clinoid processes are superimposed

27
Q

What ensures no tilt on the lateral sella turcica?

A

the greater wings of the sella turcica are superimposed

28
Q

What positioning lines are used for a PA Caldwell projection?

A

OML perpendicular

MSP perpendicular

29
Q

Where does the central ray exit on a PA Caldwell?

A

the nasion

30
Q

What is the degree of angle on a PA Caldwell?

A

15 degrees caudal

31
Q

What does using an angle on the PA caldwell demonstrate?

A

the petrous ridges in the lower 1/2 of the orbits

32
Q

What positioning lines are used in a PA cranium projection?

A

OML perpendicular

MSP perpendicular

33
Q

Where does the CR exit on a PA cranium?

A

the glabella

34
Q

Where are the petrous ridges projected in a PA cranium?

A

fills the orbits

35
Q

What positioning lines are used for a Submentovertex projection?

A

IOML parallel to IR

36
Q

Where do you center for a SMV projection?

A
  • 1 1/2 inches below the mental point

- between the gonions

37
Q

What is the tube angle for the SMV projection?

A

angled to be perpendicular to the IOML

38
Q

What structures are being viewed on a SMV projection of the skull?

A

the inferior temporal and base of the skull

Skull (2 decks)

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