Positional And Directional Terms Flashcards
What does ‘afferent’ mean?
Conducting toward a structure.
Example: veins are called afferent vessels since they take blood toward the heart.
What does ‘efferent’ mean?
Conducting away from a structure.
Example: arteries are efferent blood vessels since they take blood away from the heart.
What does ‘anterior’ mean?
In front of the body.
Example: the abdomen is located anterior to the spinal column.
What does ‘ventral’ mean?
Same as anterior; in front of the body.
What does ‘posterior’ mean?
Back of the body.
Example: the posterior lobes of the brain are in the back of the head and are called the occipital lobes.
What does ‘dorsal’ mean?
Same as posterior; back of the body.
What does ‘central’ mean?
Pertaining to the centre.
Example: the heart is located in the central portion of the thoracic cavity; it lies between the lungs in the mediastinum.
What does ‘deep’ mean?
Away from the surface.
Example: the lesion penetrated deep into the abdomen, away from the surface of the body.
What does ‘superficial’ mean?
Near the surface.
Example: the wound was a superficial one, just penetrating the skin.
What does ‘distal’ mean?
Away from the beginning of a structure; away from the centre.
Example: at its distal end, the thigh bone (femur) joins with the kneecap (patella).
What does ‘proximal’ mean?
Pertaining to the beginning of a structure.
Example: the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic (hip) bone.
What does ‘inferior’ mean?
Away from the head; situated below another structure.
Example: the feet are the caudal parts of the human body.
What does ‘superior’ mean?
Pertaining to the head; situated above another structure.
Example: in a cephalic presentation of the foetus, the head comes through the birth canal first.
What does ‘lateral’ mean?
Pertaining to the side.
Example: the little toes are lateral to the big toes.
What does ‘medial’ mean?
Related to or situated toward the midline of the body.
Example: the medial side of the knee is facing the other knee, as opposed to the lateral (outer) side of the knee.
What does ‘prone’ mean?
Lying face down or on the ventral surface.
Example: a prone position is when a person is lying on the stomach.
What does ‘supine’ mean?
Lying face up or on the dorsal surface.
Example: a supine position is when a person is lying on the back.
What does ‘afferent’ mean?
Conducting toward a structure.
Example: veins are called afferent vessels since they take blood toward the heart.
What does ‘efferent’ mean?
Conducting away from a structure.
Example: arteries are efferent blood vessels since they take blood away from the heart.
What does ‘anterior’ mean?
In front of the body.
Example: the abdomen is located anterior to the spinal column.
What does ‘ventral’ mean?
Same as anterior; in front of the body.
What does ‘posterior’ mean?
Back of the body.
Example: the posterior lobes of the brain are in the back of the head and are called the occipital lobes.
What does ‘dorsal’ mean?
Same as posterior; back of the body.
What does ‘central’ mean?
Pertaining to the centre.
Example: the heart is located in the central portion of the thoracic cavity; it lies between the lungs in the mediastinum.
What does ‘deep’ mean?
Away from the surface.
Example: the lesion penetrated deep into the abdomen, away from the surface of the body.
What does ‘superficial’ mean?
Near the surface.
Example: the wound was a superficial one, just penetrating the skin.
What does ‘distal’ mean?
Away from the beginning of a structure; away from the centre.
Example: at its distal end, the thigh bone (femur) joins with the kneecap (patella).
What does ‘proximal’ mean?
Pertaining to the beginning of a structure.
Example: the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic (hip) bone.
What does ‘inferior’ mean?
Away from the head; situated below another structure.
Example: the feet are the caudal parts of the human body.
What does ‘superior’ mean?
Pertaining to the head; situated above another structure.
Example: in a cephalic presentation of the foetus, the head comes through the birth canal first.
What does ‘lateral’ mean?
Pertaining to the side.
Example: the little toes are lateral to the big toes.
What does ‘medial’ mean?
Related to or situated toward the midline of the body.
Example: the medial side of the knee is facing the other knee, as opposed to the lateral (outer) side of the knee.
What does ‘prone’ mean?
Lying face down or on the ventral surface.
Example: a prone position is when a person is lying on the stomach.
What does ‘supine’ mean?
Lying face up or on the dorsal surface.
Example: a supine position is when a person is lying on the back.
Frontal(coronal)
Verdikali plokštuma, kuri dalina kūną į priekinę(anterior) ir užpakalinę(posterior) dalis
Sagittal
Daliną kūną į kairę ir į dešinę
Transverse
Apatinė ir viršutinė kūno dalys
