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Sam’s Monarchies > Portugal (ex) > Flashcards

Portugal (ex) Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first King of Portugal?

A

Afonso I (Afonso Henriques)

He declared independence from León in 1139.

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2
Q

What significant territory expansion did Afonso I achieve?

A

Expanded Portuguese territory through battles against the Moors.

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3
Q

What scandal was Afonso I involved in?

A

Rebellion against his own mother, Queen Teresa of León.

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4
Q

How did Afonso I die?

A

Died of natural causes at age 76.

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5
Q

What dynasty did João I found?

A

The Avis dynasty.

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6
Q

What was João I’s significant military achievement?

A

Secured independence from Castile at the Battle of Aljubarrota (1385).

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7
Q

What era did João I initiate?

A

The Age of Discoveries.

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8
Q

What was a scandal associated with João I?

A

His illegitimacy was a point of contention in his claim to the throne.

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9
Q

How did João I die?

A

Died of natural causes at age 75.

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10
Q

What notable explorations did Manuel I oversee?

A

Vasco da Gama’s voyage to India and Pedro Álvares Cabral’s discovery of Brazil.

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11
Q

What significant action did Manuel I take regarding the Jewish population?

A

Expelled the Jews from Portugal in 1496.

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12
Q

How did Manuel I die?

A

Died of natural causes at age 52.

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13
Q

What did João III consolidate during his reign?

A

Portugal’s overseas empire, especially in Brazil and India.

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14
Q

What major event did João III introduce in Portugal?

A

The Inquisition in 1536.

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15
Q

What was a criticism against João III?

A

Heavy reliance on religious persecution during the Inquisition.

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16
Q

How did João III die?

A

Died of natural causes at age 55.

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17
Q

What was Sebastião I known for?

A

His religious zeal and ambition to lead a crusade against the Moors.

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18
Q

What was the outcome of Sebastião I’s Moroccan campaign?

A

Disastrous Battle of Alcácer Quibir (1578) where he disappeared.

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19
Q

What speculation arose after Sebastião I’s disappearance?

A

Sebastianism (the belief he would return).

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20
Q

How did Sebastião I die?

A

Likely killed in battle, though his body was never found.

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21
Q

What did João IV achieve during his reign?

A

Restored Portuguese independence from Spain.

22
Q

What did João IV strengthen?

A

The monarchy and reestablished colonial trade.

23
Q

What challenges did João IV face during his rule?

A

Numerous conspiracies from Spanish loyalists.

24
Q

How did João IV die?

A

Died of a stroke at age 52.

25
Q

What significant rebuilding effort did José I undertake?

A

Rebuilt Lisbon after the 1755 earthquake.

26
Q

Who assisted José I in rebuilding Lisbon?

A

The Marquis of Pombal.

27
Q

What years did the House of Burgundy rule Portugal?

A

1139–1383

Afonso I was the founder of this dynasty.

28
Q

Who was the founder of the House of Burgundy?

A

Afonso I (Afonso Henriques)

He was the first King of Portugal.

29
Q

What significant event did the House of Burgundy achieve?

A

Established Portugal as an independent kingdom

This was after breaking from León.

30
Q

What major conflict did the House of Burgundy participate in to expand its borders?

A

Reconquista

This was a series of campaigns aimed at recapturing territory.

31
Q

What led to the end of the House of Burgundy?

A

Succession crisis with the death of King Ferdinand I

He left no male heirs.

32
Q

What years did the House of Aviz rule Portugal?

A

1385–1580

João I was the founder of this dynasty.

33
Q

Who founded the House of Aviz?

A

João I (John I)

He was an illegitimate son of King Pedro I.

34
Q

What crisis preceded the establishment of the House of Aviz?

A

1383–1385 Crisis

This was resolved with the victory at the Battle of Aljubarrota.

35
Q

What significant period did the House of Aviz oversee?

A

Age of Discoveries

This included Vasco da Gama’s journey to India and the discovery of Brazil.

36
Q

What ended the House of Aviz?

A

Death of King Henry I

This led to a dynastic crisis and the Iberian Union.

37
Q

What years did the House of Habsburg rule Portugal?

A

1580–1640

This period is known as the Iberian Union.

38
Q

Who was the founder of the House of Habsburg in Portugal?

A

Philip II of Spain (Philip I of Portugal)

He claimed the Portuguese throne after the death of Henry I.

39
Q

What was a key feature of the House of Habsburg’s rule?

A

Portugal was united with Spain under the Iberian Union

Portugal maintained autonomy but was ruled by Spanish kings.

40
Q

What event marked the end of the House of Habsburg?

A

Portuguese Restoration War in 1640

This restored Portuguese independence.

41
Q

What years did the House of Braganza rule Portugal?

A

1640–1910

João IV was the founder of this dynasty.

42
Q

Who founded the House of Braganza?

A

João IV (John IV)

He was the Duke of Braganza.

43
Q

What did the House of Braganza achieve after the Iberian Union?

A

Restored Portuguese independence

This occurred after the Restoration War.

44
Q

What colonial expansion did the House of Braganza continue?

A

Expansion in Brazil

Brazil later declared independence from Portugal.

45
Q

What challenges did the House of Braganza face during the 19th century?

A

Revolutions and liberal reforms

These challenges eventually led to the monarchy’s end.

46
Q

What ended the House of Braganza?

A

Republican Revolution of 1910

This led to the establishment of the Portuguese Republic.

47
Q

What years did the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha rule Portugal?

A

1853–1910

This branch was established through the marriage of Maria II and Ferdinand II.

48
Q

Who were the founders of the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha?

A

Maria II and Ferdinand II

Ferdinand II was of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

49
Q

What reform efforts did the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha continue?

A

Liberal reforms of Portugal

These reforms faced challenges from economic instability.

50
Q

What marked the end of the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha?

A

Revolution of 1910

King Manuel II was the last monarch of Portugal.

Sam’s Monarchies (25 decks)

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