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Master Sommelier Exam > Portugal > Flashcards

Portugal Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What is the major red grape of Alentejano?

A

Trincadeira

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2
Q

How were vines traditionally planted in Colares? Why?

A

Traditionally planted in trenches to protect them from the salty marine winds.

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3
Q

Madeira wine differs from Port principally because of what process? How is this simulated for the production of Madeira today?

A

Heating and oxidating the wine

Estufagem and Canteiro

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4
Q

What two quality designations exist below IG? Which has recently been eliminated?

A

Vinhos de Mesa/Vinho

IPR (recently been eliminated)

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5
Q

What is the star red grape of Palmela DOP?

A

Castelão

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6
Q

What DOP on Madeira exists for unfortified wines?

A

Madeirense DOP

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7
Q

What grape commands a higher percentage of plantings in the Dão than Touriga Nacional? What is this grape known as in Spain?

A

Jaen

Known as Mencía in Spain

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8
Q

What international reds dominate in Palmela DOP? Whites?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Merlot, and Tannat for reds

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Sémillon for whites

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9
Q

What is the minimum abv for Dão Garrafeira?

A

11.50%

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10
Q

What is the minimum alcohol % for wines labeled Douro Reserva? (whites/rosados and reds are different)

A

11.5% and 12%

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11
Q

Fraud was rampant in the 1700s regarding Port production. What ingredient was used to darken the color of the wines that perhaps is a technique borrowed from the Champenoise?

A

Elderberry

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12
Q

Red, white, and rosé are known as what in Portugal?

A

Tinto, Branco, and Rosado

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13
Q

If a Douro wine is labeled “Reservea” or “Grande Reserva”, what does this indicate in regards to aging?

A

Reserva:

White/Rosado (6 months)

Red (1 year)

Grande Reserva same for Reserva but score exceptionally well in blind tasting analysis.

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14
Q

Nobre garrafeira wines from the Dão must be aged for how long for reds and whites respectively?

A

48 months (18 in bottle) for reds

18 months (9 in bottle) for whites

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15
Q

What is the star white grape of Bucelas DOP and must comprise 75% of the blend?

A

Arinto

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16
Q

How is the term “Reserva” similar to the Right Bank of Bordeaux’s “Grand Cru” designation? What is the specific requirement for Portuguese Reserva table wine? Sparkling wines?

A

Indicates a higher percentage of alcohol like on the Right Bank

Reserva wines must have at least 0.5% higher than the legal minimum

Sparkling wines with the term must have a minimum 1% higher alcohol than that established by the regional appellation.

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17
Q

What is the star grape of Moscatel do Douro? These wines carry an age designation that is similar to what style of Port?

A

Moscatel Galego

Tawny Port

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18
Q

What are the three major grapes used in the production of Vinho Verde?

A

Loureiro
Trajadura (Treixadura)
Alvarinho

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19
Q

What variety is considered Portugal’s finest red grape and is cherished for its role in Port blends?

A

Touriga Nacional

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20
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator sent Portuguese sailors to explore the African Coast in 1419 and along the way they discovered and colonized what island known as the “isle of woods”?

A

Madeira

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21
Q

What is the preferred soil type for Port?

A

Schist

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22
Q

What is the largest DOP in Portugal? What major river runs through this region? What is the dominant soil type here?

A

Vinho Verde

Minho

granitic soils dominate here

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23
Q

What is the major noble white grape of the Dão?

A

Encruzado

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24
Q

Who is the largest and most storied producer of Moscatel de Setúbal?

A

J.M. da Fonseca

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25
Q

If a Dão wine is labeled “Reserva” what is the minimum aging required for both reds and whites respectively?

A

Red: (2 years of aging)

White (6 months)

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26
Q

What post fermentation process contributes to the pungent, floral fragrance of the two Moscatel licoroso wines of Setúbal? For how long does this typically last?

A

Lengthy maceration on Muscat skins for up to six months following fermentation and fortification.

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27
Q

What are the fourteen IGPs in Portugal?

A 
Minho
Transmontano
Duriense
Terras do Dão
Terras de Cister
Terras de Beira
Beira Atlântico
Tejo
Lisboa
Alentejano
Península de Setúbal
Algarve
Terras Madeirenses
Açores
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28
Q

What is the major grape respectively for the red and white wines of Tejo DOP?

A

Castelão (Red)

Fernão Pires (white)

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29
Q

What two DOPs are located within Durinese IGP?

A

Douro DOP

Porto DOP

30
Q

The popularity of Port in England resulted in the establishment of markets in the English North American colonies and Brazil for what style of wine?

A

Madeira

31
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Portugal? What is the region in Portugal that champions this varietal more than any other?What is it known as in this region?

A

Fernão PiresIn Bairrada, it is championed

There it is known as Maria Gomes

32
Q

What DOP Region is located in Minho IGP?

A

Vinho Verde DOP

33
Q

What is the name of the town located directly across the Minho River from Rías Baixas that champions the Alvarinho grape?

A

Monção

34
Q

What river flows through both the Tejo & Alentejano regions? What is its other name?

A

Tagus (Tejo) River

35
Q

Why are the red wines produced in Minho often effervescent?

A

Malolactic fermentation often occurs in the bottle

36
Q

What grape is considered the most signature component of Dão blends?

A

Touriga Nacional

37
Q

What two brands of Portuguese sparkling wines became the face of the Portuguese wine market following WWII?

A

Mateus

Lancers

38
Q

What is the Sercial grape known as on the mainland in Portugal? What does this mean?

A

Esgana Cão “dog strangler”

39
Q

What style of wine known as “blackstrap” was sent to England in 1678? What was originally used to fortifiy this style of wine?

A

Port

Brandy

40
Q

What DOP Region is located in the Transmontano IGP?

A

Trás-os-Montes DOP

41
Q

What grape must comprise a minimum of 67% in Moscatel de Setúbal and Moscatel Roxo respectively?

A

Muscat d’Alexandria

42
Q

What was Peninsula de Setúbal previously known as?

A

Terras do Sado

43
Q

What is the most widely-grown red grape in Portugal?

A

Castelão

44
Q

What does DOC stand for in Portugal? What does IG stand for? What are their EU equivalent designations?

A

Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOP)

Indicação Geogràfica (IGP)

45
Q

What are the subregions of Douro DOP?

A

Baixo Corgo

Cima Corgo

Douro Superior

46
Q

Between 1758-1761 the better vineyards were marked with stones and fruit from these vineyards was used for the production of wine destined for the English market. These vineyards were called what? What were lesser vineyards known as?

A

Feitoria (Best)

Rama (lesser vineyards)

47
Q

What is an IG wine traditionally labeled as in Portugal?

A

Vinhos Regional (VR)

48
Q

The wines of Douro and Porto were, in the past, transported down the Douro River from what town to what town for maturation?

A

Vila Nova de Gaia

49
Q

What grape must comprise a minimum of 50% in Barrada Tinto wines? What soil type does it prefer?

A

Baga

Clay soils (Barros)

50
Q

What is the species of tree that commands significant plantings in the Alentejano that is commonly used for the production of cork trees?

A

Quercus suber

51
Q

What is the name of the teinturier (red-fleshed) grape grown in the Minho? What are the three other major red grapes grown in the Minho?

A

Vinhão

52
Q

What styles of wine are produced under the Douro DOP designation? (dry/licoroso/etc.)

A

Table wines and licoroso (Moscatel do Douro)

53
Q

What is the Portuguese grape that is also known as Trousseau in France?

A

Bastardo

54
Q

If a DOP or IGP wine includes the term “Garrafeira” what does this indicate in regards to aging for non fortified wines? What if a bottle of Vintage Port includes the term? What are the aging requirements for this bottle?

A

indicates a minimum period of aging prior to release

Min. 30 months including 12 months in bottle for Tinto

Min 12 months with at least 6 months in bottle for Branco

If a bottle of Vintage Port includes the term it indicates that following a few years’ aging in barrels, the Port is matured for a period of at least eight years in glass demi-johns

55
Q

War and trade embargos between this country with France resulted in a boom for the sale of Douro wines in its market?

A

England

56
Q

Dão Nobre wines must contain a minimum of 15% of what grape for reds and whites respectively?

A

Touriga Nacional

Encruzado

57
Q

What grapes must comprise a minimum of 80% in Colares red and white wines respectively?

A

Ramisco (reds)

Malvasia (whites)

58
Q

The Douro River and its tributaries carve through what two mountain ranges?

A

Marão

Montemuro

59
Q

Tempranillo has significant plantings in Portugal and is commonly used in Port blends. What are two synonyms that are used for it in Portugal?

A

Aragonez

Tinta Roriz

60
Q

What are two synonyms for Touriga Nacional in Portugal?

A

Bical Tinto Mortágua

61
Q

What is the Portuguese synonym for late-harvest?

A

Colheita tardia

62
Q

French and Spanish wine began to dominate the English market after whose defeat and exile?

A

Napoleon

63
Q

What is the traditional vine training method in the Minho/Vinho Verde known as? What is the major benefit from this method? What percentage of vines are trained in this manner today despite tradition?

A

Enforcado

Reduces the probability of fungal disease in wetter clmimates

Fewer than 10% of vines are still trained in this method with modern trellising techniques supplanting it.

64
Q

What DOP is located within the Terras da Beira IGP?

A

Beira Interior DOP

65
Q

If a Dão wine is labeled “Nobre”, for how long must it age? What is the minimum alcohol for reds? Whites?

A

Red: (3 years of aging and min 12% alcohol)

White: (1 year of aging and minimum 11.5%)

66
Q

If a wine is labeled as “Bairrada Clássico” what does this indicate in regards to minimum abv and grape usage?

A

Minimum 12.5% and use the native grapes to the area.

67
Q

Nobre reserva wines in the Dão must be aged for a minimum of how many months for reds and whites respectively?

A

42 months for reds

12 months for white

68
Q

What is the name of the only wine producing region in Portugal that was spared from phylloxera due to its sandy soils?

A

Colares

69
Q

What is sparkling wine known as in Portugal?

A

Espumanto

70
Q

What is the word for grapes in Portugal?

A

Castas

71
Q

What two DOPs are located within the Terras do Dão IGP?

A

Dão DOP

Lafões DOP

72
Q

Four decades before the first recorded shipment of Porto to England, what house was founded by a German immigrant?

A

Kopke

Master Sommelier Exam (55 decks)

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