Greece & Hungary Flashcards
What was the name of the Greek settlement in France where the fist vineyards were planted? What is the present-day name of this city?
Massalia
Marseille
What is the main grape of Retsina?
Savvatiano
What are the two levels of Protected Designation (PDO) in Greece and what are their abbreviations? Which is reserved for traditional sweet wines?
Controlled Appellation of Origin (AOC/OPE)
Appellation of Superior Quality (AOSQ/OPAP)
What two aging designations may Greek PDO wines carry? What are the stipulations for red and white wines under both categories?
Reserve:
Whites: minimum 1 year of aging (6 months in barrel, 3 months in bottle)
Reds: Minimum 2 years of aging (1 year in barrel, 6 months in bottle)
Grand Reserve:
Whites: minimum 2 years aging (1 year in barrel, 6 months in bottle)
Reds: minimum 4 years aging (18 months in barrel, 18 months in bottle)
What three geographical designations are Greek Protected Geographic Indication (PGI) wines categorized under? Describe each.
Reional, District, and Area
Region: equivalent to the major regions of Greece such as Peloponnese and Crete
District: correspond to the peripheral units of Greece, a form of political state that replaced prefectures during administrative reform.
Area: so small that they may only include a single estate
What are the two aging designations for Greek PGI wines?
Cava:
White and Rosé: indicates at least one year (6 months in oak) of aging
Red: Minimum 3 years (1 year in barrel)
Palaiomenose se Vareli:may be added to the label of Cava, Reserve, or Grand Reserve wines to indicate oak aging beyond required minimums
Which wines in Greece may not carry a vintage date and a variety on the label? What tier of quality above this, but below PGI may carry a vintage date and a variety on the label?
Table wines may not a carry a vintage date and variety.
Varietal wines may carry both vintage date and variety on label
What is Verdea and where is it produced?
Oxidative wine produced on the island of Zakynthos in the Ionian Sea
What is Retsina (grape, flavoring agents, storage, tier of quality)?
White wine produced from Savvatiano grapes and flavored with the addition of pine resin. Traditionally stored in resin-sealed casks, but not common today.
What are the 6 wine mainland wine regions of Greece?
Macedonia Peloponnese Thessalia Thrace Epirus Sterea Ellada (Central Greece)
What are the two island wine regions of Greece?
Aegean Islands
Ionian Islands
What is Central Greece also known as in the Greek tongue?
Sterea Ellada
What are the PDO Regions of Macedonia Region (4)?
Naoussa PDO
Amynteo PDO
Goumenissa PDO
Slopes of Meliton (Plagies Melitona)
What is the star red grape of Naoussa? What does it mean in English? What is the largest producer here?
Xinomavro
“Acid Black”
Boutari
Which PDO Region of Macedonia is known as Greece’s coolest region and home to rosé and sparkling wine production?
Amynteo
What region must include at least 20% Negoska in its red blends along with Xinomavro?
Goumenissa PDO
What is the name of the single appellation for Domaine Carras? What grapes go into the red PDO wines from here? What three indigenous whites go into the white blended PDO wines from here? Which native white grape did this estate nurture back from the brink of extinction? Who is the famous Frenchman that assisted with the establishment of this domaine’s reputation?
Slopes of Meliton (Plagies Melitona)
Red wines from the estate are blends of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and the native Limnio
Assyrtiko, Athiri, and Rhoditis go into the whites here
Emile Peynaud assisted with the establishment of the domaine’s reputation.
What are the three PDO regions of Thessalia?
Rapsani PDO
Messenikola PDO
Anchialos PDO
Which PDO encompasses four villages on the lower slopes of Mount Olympus? This region is known for being the southern outpost for what grape?
Rapsani
Xinomavro
What styles and grapes go into the wines of Anchialos PDO?
Exclusively white wines from Rhoditis and Savvatiano
What is the name of the PDO wine region in Epirus? What is the star grape here and in what styles is it produced?
Zitsa
Debina grape produced in dry, semisweet, and sparkling wines.
What wine region is notable for having no PDO zones and being the bastion of Retsina?
Sterea Ellada (Central Greece)
What are the seven PDO regions of Peloponnese?
Nemea PDO Mantinia PDO Patras PDO Muscat of Patras PDO Muscat of Rio Patras PDO Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO
What is the star red grape of Nemea?
Agiorgitiko (St. George)
What is the sobriquet sometimes attached to the wines of Nemea?
“blood of Hercules” or “blood of the lion”
What is the star grape of Mantinia’s white PDO wines?
Moschofilero
What white grape makes up 100% of dry white wines in Patras?
Rhoditis
What are the two Muscat VDN PDO regions of Peloponnese?
Muscat of Patras PDO
Muscat of Rio Patras PDO
What does Mavrodaphne mean? What is the name of the PDO region in Peloponnese where it’s blended with Mavri Korinthiaki to produce a sweet fortified red commonly used as an aperitif to temper the briny, salty character of Greek first courses?
“black laurel”
Mavrodaphne of Patras
Which PDO region in Peloponnese is known for its sweet wine aged in an oxidative environment that must contain 51% of Monemvassia?
Monemvassia-Malvasia
What are the three PDO regions of the Ionian Islands?
Robola of Cephanlonia PDO
Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO
Muscat of Cephalonia PDO
What is the main grape of Verdea? Where is it produced?
Skiadopoulo is the main grape and must be present at a minimum of 50% of the blend.Produced on the Ionian Island of Zakynthos
What is the name of Greece’s largest and southernmost island that accounts for approximately 20% of Greek wine production?
Crete
What is the dominant red grape of Sitia? White grape?
Liatiko is the dominant red grape. Vilana is the major white grape.
What are the 7 PDO Regions of Crete?
Archanes PDO Dafnes PDO Peza PDO Candia PDO Malvasia Candia PDO Malvasia Sitia PDO Sitia PDO
Which PDO is known for producing wine from Moscato Aspro in both VDL and VDN styles?
Muscat of Samos PDO
What is puttony? How is it different form Puttonyos? What is the size of puttony? (kg)
Puttony is a container that holds roughly 25kg of aszú grapes. Puttonyos is the adjective form of Puttony not the plural.
What are the three main grapes of Tokaji?
Furmint
Hárslevelu
Ságamuskotály
What is Eszencia?
Wine that is fermented from the syrupy, free-run juice of 100% Aszú grapes.
What is an Aszú grape?
Originally the term Aszú was used to indicate desiccated grapes, but it has evolved to indicate grapes of high sugar levels afflicted with botrytis cinerea.
How is Tokaj Aszú produced? (kind of grapes, how they’re mixed, determination of puttonyos on label)
Aszú grapes, or those high in sugar and afflicted by botrytis are trampled into a paste, or dough.The paste or dough is placed in puttony and then added to gönci barrels (136L Hungarian Barrels) of must or base wine from non-aszú grapes grown in the same vineyard. The number of puttony added to the gönci determines the final sweetness of the Tokaji Aszú.Sweetness in wine will be indicate by a number (3-6) Puttonyos. Wines with a Puttonyos rating above 6 are considered Aszú-Esszencia (7-10 Puttonyos) until after the 2009 vintage, in which afterward Aszú-Eszencia will be eliminated in favor of the designation Aszúeszencia
What is the minimum RS (g/L) of Eszencia? What is the potential alcohol? Minimum actual alcohol?
Min 450 g/L RS
27.75% is the minimum potential alcohol
Actual abv falls between 1.2-8%
What is the difference between Tokaj and Tokaji?
Tokaj is the name of the region
Tokaji is an adjectival used to indicate the wine.
What do the terms sźaraz and édes signify on a wine label?
Sźaraz indicates wines that are dry (9g/L max RS)
Édes indicates sweet wines (min. 45g/L RS)
What is the minimum RS for the following styles of Aszú: 3 puttonyos 4 puttonyos 5 puttonyos 6 puttonyos
(Hint: +30)
3 puttonyos (min 60g/L) 4 puttonyos (min 90g/L) 5 puttonyos (min 120g/L) 6 puttonyos (min 150g/L)
What kind of grapes go into Tokaji Szamorodni, and what style is it produced in? What is the min/max RS for both styles?
Produced from a mixture of aszú and non-aszú grapes
Szamorodni “száraz” (max 9g/L RS) Dry in style
Szamorodni “édes” (min 45 g/L RS) sweet in style
What style of Tokaji is produced by refermenting wine with the pressed paste of Tokaji Aszú?
Fordítás (száraz and édes in style)
What style of Tokaji is produced when refermenting wine with spent lees of Tokaji Aszú?
Máslás (száraz and édes in style)
Name three producers of Tokaji-Aszú (DORK)
Disznoko
Oremus
Royal Tokaji Wine Company
Királyudvar
Name two producers of Tokaji-Esszencia (DORK)
Disznoko
Oremus
Royal Tokaji Wine Company
Királyudvar
Which Hungarian wine region shares a border with Austria and produces Blaufrankisch? What is the grape called here?
Sopron
Kékfrankos
What wine is the region of Eger most famous for?
Egri Bikavér
What is the size of a Gönci barrel?
136 L
How many puttonyos is equivalent to Auslese ripeness in Germany?
3 Puttonyos (60 g/L)
Which has more RS, Rutherglen Muscats or Tokaji Aszú?
Rutherglen Muscats (180-400g/L) depending on style
Tokaji-Aszú has between 60-150g/L)
Which has more sugar Rutherglen Muscats or Tokaji Eszencia?
Eszencia
min 450g/L and up to 850g/L RS
If a bottle of Tokaji is simply labeled “Aszú” what minimum RS must it have? What puttonyos number is this equivalent to?
Minimum 120g/L
5 puttonyos
