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Portugal Flashcards

1
Q

What was the name of the treaty that established the Portuguese and English relationship with preferential tariffs? What year?

A

Treaty of Methuen in 1703

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2
Q

What did the Treaty of Methuen establish?

A

establishing a long-lasting trade agreement between the two nations and preferential tariffs for Portuguese wines

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3
Q

What happened to the Port market in the 1740s and 50s?

A

Because of high demand, fraudulent practices were rampant. English demand plummeted.

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4
Q

What did the Portuese do to restore English confidence in port after demand dropped in the 1740s/50s?

A

Established the Companhia Geral dos Vinhos do Alto Douro, or Douro Wine Company in 1756.

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5
Q

What does the Douro Wine Company exist as now? What body now manages regulation?

A

As the Royal Oporto Wine Company. The government-run Douro Port Wine Institute (IVDP) now regulates the trade.

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6
Q

What are the two types of classifications vineyards were divided into between 1758 and 1761 by the Douro Wine Company?

A

Feitoria - the 335 best vins for the English market

Rama - reserved for domestic consumption

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7
Q

What were four functions of the Douro Wine Company once it was established?

A

1- Regulated grape prices
2- fixed pricing on the finished wines,
3- managed exports
4- monopolized the sale of Portuguese brandy (aguardente) used in the fortification process

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8
Q

What happened to the demand in Port in the 1800s?

A

1 - Britain reopened trade; lost market share to Spain & France
2 - British preferred Sherry by late 1800s
3- American Civil War disrupted Madeira trade in US
4 - Powdery and downy mildew - 1850s
5 - Phylloxera in 1867

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9
Q

What region was spared from Phylloxera in Portugal in the 1860s?

A

Colares

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10
Q

What legal changes were made that affected the Portuguese wine industry in the 20s and 30s?

A

Established Região Demarcada in 1929

Junta Nacional do Vinhos in 1937, which consolidated small vineyards into large cooperatives

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11
Q

What changed for Portugal in the 1980s that changed the wine industry?

A

Entered European Union in 1986

Power of the cooperatives tumbled and foreign investment increased

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12
Q

What are the 9 subregions of Vinho Verde north to south (ish)?

A 
Monção e Melgaço
Lima
Cávado
Basto
Ave
Sousa
Amarante
Baião
Paiva
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13
Q

With what IGP is the DOC of Vinho Verde contiguous?

A

Minho IGP

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14
Q

Describe the climate of Vinho Verde

A

cool, rainy, Atlantic-influenced

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15
Q

What is the principal vitiucultral threat in Vinho Verde?

A

Grey rot

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16
Q

What is the historical and famous training method in Vinho Verde? Why?

A

Enforcado aka pergola

Reduced grey rot and allowed to grow other crops underneath

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17
Q

What is the largest DOP in Portugal?

A

Vinho Verde

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18
Q

What river forms the northern border of Vinho Verde?

A

the Minho River

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19
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Vinho Verde?

A

Loureiro

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20
Q

Besides Loureiro, what are four other white grapes found in Vinho Verde?

A

Trajadura (Treixadura), Avesso, Pedernã (Arinto), and the Spanish Albariño

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21
Q

Where can you find high quality varietal Alvarinho in Vinho Verde?

A

In Monção e Melgaço

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22
Q

Monção e Melgaço is directly across the Minho River from what part of Rias Biaxas?

A

Condado do Tea

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23
Q

What are four red grapes of Vinho Verde?

A

Vinhão (a teinturier grape)
Espadeiro
Borraçal
Alvarelhão

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24
Q

How does most white Vinho Verde get its sparkle?

A

CO2 injection before bottling

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25
Q

How does most red Vinho Verde get its sparkle?

A

Malo in bottle

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26
Q

What happened to the former Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada category?

A

They became DOPs.

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27
Q

How are DOPs labeled in Portugal?

A

Probably as DOP, but can be DOC within the country

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28
Q

What is the name of IGP wines for Portugal? How are they referred within the country?

A 
Indicação Geogràfica (IG)
Vinhos Regional (VR) within Portugal
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29
Q

What is the table wine designation in Portugal?

A

Vinho or Vinhos de Mesa

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30
Q

What is the minimum percentage of grapes that must be in the stated region for IGP/IG/VR wines in Portugal?

A

at least 85%

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31
Q

What is the DOP within the Transmontano IGP?

A

Trás-os-Montes DOP

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32
Q

What are the three non-contiguous subregions of Trás-os-Montes?

A

Chaves
Valpaços
Planalto Mirandés

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33
Q

What are four important red grapes of Transmontano?

A 
Touriga Nacional
Tinta Roriz
Bastardo (Trousseau)
Touriga Francesa
Trincadeira
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34
Q

What are the white grapes of Transmontano?

A 
Fernão Pires
Síria
Viosinho
Gouveio (Godello)
Malvasia Fina
Rabigato
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35
Q

What styles of wine are allowed to be made in Transmontano?

A

Red, white, rose, sparkling and aguardente

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36
Q

What styles of wine are made in the Minho?

A

Red White and Rose
Sparkling (9mos on lees)
Aguardente
In Monção e Melgaço - Varietal Alvarinho still and sparkling

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37
Q

What is are the DOPs contained within the IGP of Vinho Regional Duriense?

A

Douro DOP and Porto DOP

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38
Q

Douro DOP and Porto DOP are contained within what IGP?

A

Duriense IGP

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39
Q

Through what mountains does the Douro river carve its way?

A

Marão and Montemuro Mountains

granite

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40
Q

What is the preferred soil type for port?

A

Schist

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41
Q

What is the climate of the Douro valley?

A

Continental

severely hot summers and freezing winters

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42
Q

What are the three subzones of the Douro/Porto?

A
  • Baixo Corgo (west, highest density of plantings)
  • Cima Corgo (highest total vineyard acreage)
  • Douro Superior (largest, arid, sparsest)
43
Q

What kind of wines are released as Douro DOP?

A
  • Tables wines (red, white, and rose)
  • licoroso (fortified) Moscatel do Douro
  • Espumanto do Douro (sparkling wines)
  • Colheita Tardia (late harvest wines)
44
Q

How much of the Douro region’s wines are released as Porto?

A

about 50%

45
Q

What are five principal red grapes of the Douro/Porto?

A 
Touriga Nacional
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Cão
Tinta Barroca
46
Q

What are four white grapes of the Douro/Porto?

A

Malvasia Fina
Viosinho
Rabigato
Gouveio

47
Q

What type of Moscatel is used for fortified Moscatel wines? Can they have an age range?

A

Moscatel Galego

Yes, they have an age range like tawny port

48
Q

What are the minimum ABVs for Douro wines? Reserva?

A

white and rosado - 10.5%, 11.5% for Reserva

Red - 11%, 12% for Reserva

49
Q

What are the aging requirements for white and red Reserva Douro wines?

A

white - 6 months

red - 1 year

50
Q

What are the names of the famous boats of Port?

A

Barcos Rabelos

51
Q

Where do the Barcos Rabelos travel from to get to the place to store and mature the wines?

A

They leave from Pinhão in the Cima Corgo downriver to Vila Nova de Gaia, a suburb of Oporto

52
Q

How can Douro wines be labeled Grande Reserva?

A

They meet the requirements for Reserva and then they score high on an IVDP tasting

53
Q

Historically, from where did Port have to be stored and shipped? When did this change?

A

From Vila Nova de Gaia, until 1986 when Portugal entered the EU.
Removing this restriction paved the way for smaller quintas

54
Q

Where is Quinta do Vale Meão located? Why is it famous?

A

Located in Douro Superior

It used to the primary source for Barca Velha

55
Q

Into what IGP was the massive Beiras IGP split into in 2011?

A

Terras do Dão
Terras de Cister
Terras da Beira
Beira Atlântico`

56
Q

What DOPs lie within Terras do Dão IGP?

A

Dão DOP and Lafões DOP

57
Q

What DOPs lie within Beira Atlântico IGP?

A

Just one - Bairrada DOP and one subzone, Terras do Sicó

58
Q

What DOP is within Terras de Cister IGP?

A

Távora-Varosa DOP

59
Q

To what kind of wine production is Távora-Varosa DOP dedicated?

A

It is mostly sparkling wine

60
Q

What DOP is within the Terras da Beira IGP?

A

Beira Interior DOP

mostly coops, not a lot of producers

61
Q

What are the three subzones of the Beira Interior DOP?

A

Beira Castelo Rodrigo
Cova da Beira
Pinhel

62
Q

What are the 7 subzones of the Dão DOP?

A 
Serra da Estrela (for Portugal’s highest mountain range)
Alva
Besteiros
Castendo
Silgueiros
Terras de Azurara,
Terras de Senhorim
63
Q

What is the climate of the Dão DOP?

A

hot and dry in the growing season, but receives adequate rainfall in the cold winter months
Sheltered on three sides by mountains, so it doesn’t get the winds of the hot interior, or the wet, cool maritime climate
High altitude retains acidity

64
Q

What grape is a signature component of Dão DOP blends?

A

Touriga Nacional

65
Q

What styles of wine are produced in the Dão DOP?

A

Red, white, rose, and espumante, although red wines account for over 3/4 of the total output

66
Q

What are the recommended red grapes of Dão DOP?

A 
Touriga Nacional
Jaen
Touriga Franca
Alfrocheiro
Aragonez
Bastardo
Rufete
Trincadeira
Tinta Cão
67
Q

What are three recommended white grapes of the Dão DOP?

A

Encruzado
Bical
Cercial
Barcelo, Malvasia Fina, Rabo de Ovelha, Terrantez, Uva Cão, Verdelho

68
Q

Can experimental grapes like Cabernet Sauvignon and Semillon be used in Dão DOP wines?

A

Yes, but they may not make up more than 40% of the blend

69
Q

What are the three terms that may be applied to Dão DOP red and white wines with additional abv and aging?

A

Reserva
Garrafeira
Nobre

70
Q

What are the four DOPs of the Algarve?

A 
West to East
Lagos
Portimão
Lagoa
Tavira
(Lounging Portuguese Leave Tan)
71
Q

What are grape varieties for red

DOP Lagos, DOP Portimão, and DOP Tavira?

A

Min. 70% combined Castelão, Negra Mole, and Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)
plus Alicante Bouschet, Aragonez, Bastardo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Touriga Nacional
Lagos - plus Monvedro as accessory
Tavira - plus Syrah as accessory
Portimão - plus both Syrah and Monvedro

72
Q

What are the grape varieties for white DOP Lagos?

A

Min. 70% combined Arinto (Pedernã), Malvasia Fina, and Síria (Roupeiro)
plus Manteúdo, Moscatel Graúdo, Perrum

73
Q

What grape varieties for red Lagoa DOP?

A

Min. 70% combined Negra Mole and Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)
plus Alicante Bouschet, Aragonez, Bastardo, Castelão, Cabernet Sauvignon, Moreto, Monvedro, Syrah, Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional
(same as Lagos, Portimão, and Tavira except Castelão is accessory with the addition of Moreto and Touriga Franca)

74
Q

What are the grape varieties for white Lagoa DOP, Portimão, and Tavira DOP?

A

Min. 70% combined Arinto (Pedernã) and Síria (Roupeiro);
Manteúdo and Moscatel Graúdo are accessories for all
Lagoa plus Perrum, Rabo de Ovelha, Sauvignon Blanc
Portimão: plus , Perrum, Rabo de Ovelha
Tavira plus Diagalves and Tamarez

75
Q

What are the minimum alcohol levels for red and white DOPs of the Algarve?

A

All four DOP are
White - 11.5%
red 12%
(Lagos, Portimão, Lagoa, Tavira)

76
Q

What is the aging requirement for red DOP Algarve wines?

A

All four DOPs require 6 months aging for reds

Lagoa, Portimão, Lagoa, Tavira

77
Q

From where do Tejo and Alentejo get their names?

A

The Tejo, or Tegus, River

78
Q

What is the genus and species of cork trees?

A

Quercus suber

79
Q

What islands does the Terras Madeirenses IGP encompass?

A

Madeira and Porto Santo

There are also a few uninhabitable islands called the Ilhas Desertas

80
Q

What are the two DOPs of the islands of Madeira?

A

Madeira DOP and Madeirense DOP

81
Q

What styles of wine may be produced under the Madeirense DOP?

A

Red, white, and rose

82
Q

What are a few grapes from which Madeirense DOP is made?

A 
Verdelho
Arnsburger (a Riesling crossing developed at Geisenheim)
Cabernet Sauvignon
Tinta Negra
Syrah
83
Q

What is the regulatory body of Madeira?

A

IVBAM
Instituto do Vinho, do Bordado e do Artesanato da Madeira
The Wine, Embroidery and Handicraft Institute of Madeira

84
Q

Name a cooperative of Madeirense wine.

A

IVBAM operates a cooperative for Madeirense DOP

85
Q

How many islands make us the Açores Islands? How many have DOPs?

A

9 total

3 have DOPS: Pico, Graciosa, and Terceira (Biscoitos DOP)

86
Q

Of three DOPs of the Açores Islands, which are fortified and unfortified?

A

Pico - fortified
Graciosa - table wine
Terceira - fortified

87
Q

What island is Biscoitos DOP located on?

A

Terceira in the Açores Islands

88
Q

What style of wines does the Graciosa DOP produce?

A 
Dry white wines from 
Verdelho
Arinto (Pedernã)
Terrantez
Malvasia Fina
Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes)
89
Q

What style of wines does the Biscoitos DOP produce?

A

Fortified white wines from Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez

16%min abv, 36 mos required in wood

90
Q

What style of wine does the Pico DOP produce?

A

Fortified white wines from Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez

16% min abv and 36 mos in wood

91
Q

Describe the terrain of Pico DOP.

A

Located on the island of Pico in the Açores Islands
Has the highest peak in Portugal with a volcano 7,500 feet above sea level
Vines are protected from winds by walls made from volcanic stone

92
Q

What is the DOP of the Tejo? What did it used to be called?

A

DoTejo DOP

Was Ribatejo until 2010

93
Q

What grapes are allowed for Ribatejo production?

A

EVERYTHING literally dozens of grapes for red and white

94
Q

In practice, what grapes and styles domiante DoTejo DOP?

A

Castelão for red
Fernão Pires for white
Whites outnumber reds

95
Q

How big is DoTejo is respect to the Tejo overall?

A

Miniscule: 1,850 ha compared to 22,300 for the IGP

96
Q

What are the six subzones of DoTejo DOP?

A 
Almeirim
Cartaxo
Chamusca
Coruche
Santarém
Tomar
ACCCST
97
Q

What are the 8 subzones of Alentejo DOP?

A 
North to South:
Portalegre
Borba
Redondo
Évora
Reguengos
Granja-Amareleja
Vidigueira
Moura
98
Q

Of the eight subzones of Alentejo, which one shows the most promise? Why?

A

Portalegre

Because of it on the cool granitic slopes in the northernmost sector of the São Mamede Mountains

99
Q

What styles are authorized for Alentejo DOP?

A

Red, white, rose, espumante, aguardente

Red wine production is most frequent with Trincadeira as the region’s most prominent grape

100
Q

What is the most planted white grape of Portugal?

A

Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes)

101
Q

What are the volcanic stone walls on the Acores Islands called?

A

curraletas

102
Q

What are curraletas?

A

The volcanic stone walls on the Acores Islands

103
Q

What is a CVR in Portugal?

A

Comissão Vitivinícola Regional
The governing body of each region
E.g.: Comissão Vitivinícola Regional CVRA is Comissão Vitivinícola Regional Alentejano

104
Q

What is the most widely planted red grape in Portugal?

A

Castelão

Portugal (3 decks)

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