Ports/Protocols and TCPIP Flashcards
What are ports?
A logical port identified with numbers
What are Protocols?
Methods of communication agreed upon accross different OS’s
FTP
- What does FTP Stand for?
- What 2 Ports/Protocols are used by FTP and what does each do?
- File Transfer Protocol
- 20 (TCP) - Used to send Data
- 21 (TCP) - Used to pass control information
SSH
- What does SSH stand for?
- What is it used for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- Secure Shell
- Encrypted Remote Administration
- 22 (TCP)
Telnet
- What does Telnet allow for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- UnEncrypted Remote Administration
- 23 (TCP)
DNS
- What does DNS stand for?
- What is it used for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- Domain Name Service
- Use to translate Hostnames to IP Addresses and vice versa
- 53 (TCP and UDP)
DHCP
- What does DHCP stand for?
- What 2 Ports/Protocol are used?
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- 67 and 68 (TCP)
NBTStat (NetBIOS)
- What 3 Ports are used by NBTStat (NetBIOS) and what does each do?
- What Protocol is used?
- 137 - Gets names of PCs
- 138 - Sends one-time info to remote PC (Datagram)
- 139 - Creates long-term session to remote PC (Session)
- TCP and UDP
SNMP
- What does SNMP stand for?
- What 2 Ports/Protocol are used and what do they each do?
- Simple Network Management Protocol
- 161 (UDP) - Receives requests from Agents and used for communication
- 162 (UDP) - Receives notifications (traps) from Agents
LDAP
- What does LDAP stand for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- Lightweigth Directory Access Protocol
- 389 (TCP and UDP)
SMB
- What does SMB stand for?
- What is it used for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- Server Message Block
- Used to share data accross the network
- 445 (TCP)
SMTP
- What does SMTP stand for?
- What is it used for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- Used to send unencrypted email
- 25 (TCP)
SSMTP
- What does SSMTP stand for?
- What is it used for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- Secure Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- Used to send encrypted email
- 465 (TCP)
POP3
- What does POP3 stand for?
- What is it used for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- Post Office Protocol v3
- Used to receive unencrypted email. Only stored in Client.
- 110 (TCP)
SPOP
- What does SPOP stand for?
- What is it used for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- Secure Post Office Protocol
- Used to receive Encrypted email. Only stored in Client.
- 995 (TCP)
IMAP
- What does IMAP stand for?
- What is it used for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- Internet Message Access Protocol
- Used to receiving unencrypted email. Stored in Server and Client
- 143 (TCP)
SIMAP
- What SIMAP stand for?
- What is it used for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- Secure Internet Message Access Protocol
- Used to receiving Encrypted email. Stored in Server and Client
- 993 (TCP)
RDP
- What does RDP stand for?
- What is it used for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- Remote Desktop Protocol
- Allows for remoting into Windows machines securely
- 3389 (TCP)
TFTP
- What does TFTP stand for?
- What is it used for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- Trivial File Transfer Protocol
- Used to transfer unencrypted files to other machines. Not 100% reliable and has less features than FTP
- 69 (UDP)
SFTP
- What does SFTP stand for?
- What is it used for?
- What Port/Protocol is used?
- Secure File Transfer Protocol
- Used to transfer files to other machines (Encrypted)
- 22 (TCP)
Provide 3 common applications that make use of TCP
- File Transfer
- Web Browsing
Provide 3 common applications that make use of UDP
- VoIP / Video Conference Equipment
- Online Gaming
- Live Streams
Ports are part of what OSI Layer?
Layer 4 (Transport)
Protocols are part of what OSI Layer?
Layer 7 (Application)
How are Ports and Protocols Related?
Ports and Protocols have default mappings
Port numbers have a range of:
0 to 65,535
Can Port numbers can be changed? Why or why not?
Yes.
For Obfuscation, aka making something obscure
What is TCP/IP?
The internet’s Protocol Combination
In TCP/IP, what is TCP used for?
Responsible for transporting/routing data to the destination correctly
In TCP/IP, what is IP used for?
Obtains and defines the address (IP) of the application/device where the data must be sent to
What is a Socket?
Is an IP Address and a Port concatenated
(Ex. 152.199.244.163:443)
TCP can be defined as
Connection Oriented. Acknowledgement is required, also known as a 3-way handshake
UDP can be defined as
Connection-less. Inaccurate and unreliable but fast
Name an advantage and disadvantage of using:
- TCP
- UDP
- TCP - Accurate because data loss is unacceptable, but slow due to overhead
- UDP - Inaccurate because data loss is acceptable but fast and used when speed is critical
