IPv4/Subnet Masks and IPv4 Classes Flashcards
How many bits in an IPv4 Address?
32 bits /4 bytes of data
How many bits in an IPv6 Address?
128 Bits / 16 bytes of data
IP Addresses are expressed with the use what types of numbers?
- IPv4
- IPv6
- Decimal Numbers
- Hexadecimal Numbers
An IPv4 IP Address can be divided into 2 parts. What are those parts?
Example: 192.168.1.10
Part 1 = 192.168.1
Part 2 = 10
- Network
- Host
What is the purpose of the Subnet mask?
It tells the machine which part of the IP address is the Network and Host portion
What would the Subnet mask be for IP 192.168.1.4?
255.255.255.0 (/24)
A subnet of 255.255.255.0 is also called a /24 subnet. Why?
/24 comes from the number of consecutive 1’s in the binary format.
Example: 255.255.255.0 in binary is 111111.111111.111111.00000000
How many IPv4 Classes exist and what are they?
5 Classes
A, B, C, D, E
What determines an IPv4 Class?
The first octet of the IP
How does one determine the number of Hosts per Network ID?
Use the subnet Mask and convert to binary.
* 255.0.0.0 = 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
- 24 zeros as x
Then apply the formula:
* hosts = 2^(x) - 2
Class A Starting and Ending address?
0 to 127
Class B Starting and Ending address?
128 to 191
Class C Starting and Ending address?
192 to 223
Class D Starting and Ending address?
224 to 239
Class E Starting and Ending address?
240 to 255
What IPv4 Classes can be used for Host Addresses?
Class A, B, C
What IPv4 Classes can be used for Multicast?
Class D
What IPv4 Classes can be used for Experimental purposes?
Class E
In an IPv4 Class A address…
* How many bits are reserved for Network Address?
* How many bits are reserved for the Host Address?
* What is the Subnet Mask?
- 8 bits for Network
- 24 bits for Hosts
- 255.0.0.0
In an IPv4 Class B address…
- How many bits are reserved for Network Address?
- How many bits are reserved for the Host Address?
- What is the Subnet Mask?
- 16 bits for Network
- 16 bits for Host
- 255.255.0.0
In an IPv4 Class C address…
- How many bits are reserved for Network Address
- How many bits are reserved for the Host Address?
- What is the Subnet Mask?
- 24 bits for Network
- 8 bits for Host
- 255.255.255.0
Class A was created for what type of networks?
Small number of Networks, Large number of hosts
Class C was created for what type of networks?
Large number of Networks, Small number of hosts
Explain Public IP vs Private IP Address
**Public IPs **
- Unique
- Registered and Assigned by ISP
- Assigned to Modems
**Private IPs **
- Used inside a private network
- Not unique and can be reused in different private networks.
How do devices with private IPs access the internet?
Via the Router/Modem. Using NAT (Network Address Translation)
IPIPA Addresses begin with
192.254.xxx.xxx
What are the rules to compressing IPv6 addresses?
- Leading 0’s can be ommitted
- 2 Continuous sets of 0’s can be replaced with ::
- 1 Set of 0’s can be replaced with a single 0
What are 2 ways to write an IPv6 Loopback address?
- ::1
- 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
