Ports & Protocols

Question 1

FTP

Answer 1

File Transfer Protocol (Port 20, 21)

Unsecure method of transferring files between client/server
Data transferred in the clear

Question 2

SSH

Answer 2

Secure Shell (Port 22)

Cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network
Best known for remote login to computer systems

Question 3

SFTP

Answer 3

SSH File Transfer Protocol (Port 22)

Provides file access/transfer/management over any reliable data stream

Question 4

Telnet

Answer 4

Telnet (Port 23)

Provides bidirectional interactive text-oriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection.

Like SSH, but unsecure

Question 5

SMTP

Answer 5

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (Port 25)

Internet standard for sending electronic mail.
RFC 821 was defined in 1982
RFC 5321 developed in 2008 (current version)

Question 6

DNS

Answer 6

Domain Name Services (Port 53)

Hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers/services/resources connected to the internet or a private network.
Converts domain names to IP addresses.

Question 7

DHCP

Answer 7

Dynamic Host Control Protocol (Port 67, 68)

DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address & other network config parameters to a client.
Enables computers to request IP addresses & network parameters automatically
Reduces burden on network admins

Question 8

TFTP

Answer 8

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (Port 69)

Transmits files in both directions of a client-server application.
Used for booting an OS from a LAN file server
Doesn’t provide user authentication or directory visibility
Essentially a stripped-down version of FTP

Question 9

HTTP

Answer 9

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (Port 80)

Foundation of data communication for WWW
Designed for distributed, collaborative, & hypermedia presentation across many devices.

Question 10

POP3

Answer 10

Post Office Protocol v3 (Port 110)

Used by local email clients to retrieve email from a remote server over TCP/IP connection

Question 11

NTP

Answer 11

Network Time Protocol (Port 123)

Provides clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks.

Est 1985 (one of the oldest Internet protocols in use)

Question 12

NetBIOS

Answer 12

NetBIOS (Port 139)

Provides services allowing apps on separate computers to communicate over a LAN for file & printer sharing.

Question 13

IMAP

Answer 13

Internet Mail Application Protocol (Port 143)

Provides email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection.

Allows the end user to view & manipulate messages as if they’re stored locally.

Question 14

SNMP

Answer 14

Simple Network Management Protocol (Port 161)

Provides collection & organization of info about managed devices on IP networks.

Can modify that info to change device behavior, commonly used in network devices.

Question 15

LDAP

Answer 15

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (Port 389)

Open, vendor-neutral, industry standard for accessing & maintaining distributed directory info services.

LDAP & AD use this port

Question 16

HTTPS

Answer 16

HTTP Secure (Port 443)

Foundation of ecommerce on WWW
Designed for adding security to HTTP

Question 17

SMB

Answer 17

Server Message Block (Port 445)

Provides shared access to files, printers, & misc communications between devices on a network.

Question 18

LDAPS

Answer 18

LDAP Secure (Port 636)

Secure version of LDAP

Question 19

RDP

Answer 19

Remote Desktop Protocol (3389)

Proprietary protocol (Microsoft)
Provides user with GUI to connect to another computer over a network connection.

User employs RDP client software for this purpose & the other computer must run RDP server software.

Question 20

SIP

Answer 20

Session Initiation Protocol (Port 5060, 5061)

Provides signaling & controlling multimedia communication sessions in applications.

Used for Internet telephony for voice & audio calls, VOIP, & instant messaging.

Question 21

Syslog

Answer 21

System Logging Protocol (UDP: Port 514 | TCP: Port 1468)

Used to send logging data back to a centralized server.

Question 22

SMTP over TLS

Answer 22

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol with Transport Layer Security (Port 587)

Secure/encrypted sending of emails

Question 23

IMAP over SSL

Answer 23

IMAP with SSL Encryption (Port 993)

Question 24

POP3 over SSL

Answer 24

POP3 with SSL Encryption (Port 995)

Question 25

SQL

Answer 25

Structured Query Language Server Protocol (Port 1433)
Used for communication from a client to the database engine.

Question 26

SQLnet

Answer 26

(Port 1521)
Used for communication from a client to an Oracle database.

Question 27

MySQL

Answer 27

(Port 3306)
Used for communication from a client to the MySQL database engine.