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Dion (N10-008) > Cloud & the Datacenter > Flashcards

Cloud & the Datacenter Flashcards

1
Q

Virtual Servers

A

Multiple virtual instances exist on a single physical server.
Multiple Windows & Linux servers running simultaneously.
Considerable cost savings for an IT budget
Allows for consolidation of physical servers
Multiple NICs increase bandwidth available

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2
Q

Hypervisor

A

Specialized software that enables virtualization to occur.
Hypervisor is the software that emulates the physical hardware.
Also called a VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor)

VMWare ESXi | VMWare Workstation
Hyper-V
Virtual Box

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3
Q

SAN

A

Storage Area Network:
Specialized LAN designed for data transfer/storage
Transfers data at block level with special protocol

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4
Q

SAN: Fibre Channel (FC)

A

Special purpose hardware providing 1-16Gbps

FCoE (Fibre Channel over Ethernet)
Removes need for specialized hardware
Runs over your Ethernet networks

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5
Q

SAN: iSCSI

A

IP Small Computer System Interface:
Lower cost, built using Ethernet switches (<10Gbps)

Relies on configuration allowing jumbo frames over the network

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6
Q

Infiniband (Virtualized Storage)

A

Switched fabric topology for high-performance computing.

Very high throughput (>600Gbps) with very low latency (0.5 microseconds)

Direct or switched connection between servers & storage system

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7
Q

Virtual Firewalls & Routers

A

To fully virtualize your network, you need a firewall/router.

Virtualized firewall/routers provide the same features as their physical counterparts.

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8
Q

Virtual Switches

A

Overcomes the problem of all virtual servers being on one broadcast domain.

Layer 2 control provides VLANs & trunking
Provides QoS & security

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9
Q

Virtual Desktops

A

User’s desktop computer is run in a browser
Used from web, laptop, tablet, or phone
Easier to secure & upgrade for the admins

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10
Q

SDN

A

Software-Defined Network:
Provides the admin with an easy-to-use front end to configure physical & virtual devices throughout the network

All the configurations are automatically done
Provides admin an overview of the entire network

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11
Q

VoIP

A

Voice over IP:
Digitizes voice traffic so that it can be treated like other data on the network.

Uses SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) to setup, maintain, & tear down calls.

Can save a company money & provide enhanced services over a traditional PBX solution

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12
Q

Virtual PBX & VoIP

A

Virtual Private Branch Exchange & VoIP:
Ability to outsource your telephone system

Utilizes VoIP to send all data to provider, then provider connects it to telephone system.

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13
Q

Public Cloud | Private Cloud | Hybrid Cloud

A

Private: Systems & users only have access with other devices inside of the same private cloud or system.

Public: Systems & users interact with devices on public networks, such as the Internet & other clouds

Hybrid: Combination of private/public

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14
Q

NaaS

A

Network as a Service:
Allows outsourcing of a network to a service provider
Hosted off-site at the service provider’s data center & the customer is billed for usage

Charged by hours, processing power, or bandwidth used like utility services.

Examples: Amazon’s VPC or Route 53

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15
Q

IaaS

A

Infrastructure as a Service:
Allows outsourcing of the infrastructure of servers or desktops to a service provider.

Hosted off-site at the service provider’s data center & customer is billed for usage

Examples: AWS, Azure

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16
Q

SaaS

A

Software as a Service:
User interacts with web-based application
Details of how it works are hidden from users

Examples: Google Docs, Office 365

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17
Q

PaaS

A

Platform as a Service:
Provides a development platform for companies that are developing applications without the need for infrastructure.

Examples: OpenShift, Apprenda

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18
Q

DaaS

A

Desktop as a Service:
Provides a desktop environment that is accessible through the internet in the form of a cloud desktop or virtual desktop environment.

VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure)

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19
Q

Cloud Concepts: Elasticity

A

Attempts to match the resources allocated with the actual amount of resources needed at any given point in time

Focused on meeting the sudden increases/decreases in the workload

20
Q

Cloud Concepts: Scalability

A

Handles the growing workload required to maintain good performance/efficiency for a given software/app

Elasticity: Short-term +/- of resources
Scalability: Long-term planning & adoption

21
Q

Cloud Concepts: Vertical Scaling (Scaling Up)

A

Increasing the power of the existing resources in the working environment.

22
Q

Cloud Concepts: Horizontal Scaling (Scaling Out)

A

Adding additional resources to help handle the extra load being experienced.

Vertical - Scalability
Horizontal - Elasticity

23
Q

Cloud Concepts: Multitenancy

A

Allowing customers to share computing resources in a public/private cloud.
(Better storage/access, better use of resources, less overall cost)

May cause data to be hosted on the same physical server as another organization.
(May impose a security risk if one organization on same server fails to secure its virtual environment)

24
Q

Cloud Concepts: VM Escape

A

When an attacker breaks out of one of the isolated VMs & begins to directly interact with the underlying hypervisor.

Host virtual servers on the same physical server as other VMs in the same network

25
Q

IaC

A

Infrastructure as Code:
Enables managing/provisioning of infrastructure through code instead of through manual processes

(Virtual machines/devices, scripted automation/orchestration)

26
Q

IaC: Orchestration

A

Process of arranging/coordinating the installation & configuration of multiple systems

(Lower costs, speed up deployments, increase security)

27
Q

IaC: Snowflake Systems

A

Any system that is different form the standard configuration template used within your organization’s IaC architecture.

Keeping things consistent & using carefully-developed & tested scripts

28
Q

Cloud: Connectivity Options

A

VPN:
Establishes a secure connection between on-premises network, remote offices, client devices, & provider’s global network
Ex: AWS Direct Connect Gateway
Azure Private Link

Private-Direct Connection:
Extends preexisting, on-premise data center into the provider’s network to directly connect to your virtual private cloud network
(Cheaper than VPN)

29
Q

Community Cloud

A

Collaborative effort where infrastructure is shared between several organizations from a specific community with common concerns

30
Q

Private-Direct Connection

A

Extends preexisting, on-premise data center into the provider’s network to directly connect to your virtual private cloud network

31
Q

Datacenter 3-Tier Hierarchy: Core

A

1st Layer:
Biggest, fastest, most expensive routers
Backbone of network
Merges geographically separated networks into one logical unit
At least 2 routers operating in redundant configuration

32
Q

Datacenter 3-Tier Hierarchy: Distribution/Aggregation

A

2nd Layer (Under Core):
Boundary Definitions: Implements ACLs/Filters
Define policies for network; Layer 3 switches
Needs to ensure packets are properly routed between subnets

33
Q

Datacenter 3-Tier Hierarchy: Access/Edge

A

3rd Layer (Under Distribution):
Used to connect to all endpoint devices

34
Q

SDN Layers: Application Layer

A

Focuses on the communication resource requests or info about the network as a whole

35
Q

SDN Layers: Control Layer

A

Uses the information from the applications & decides how to route a data packet on the network

36
Q

SDN Layers: Infrastructure Layer

A

Contains the network devices that receive info about where to move the data & then perform those movements

37
Q

SDN Layers: Management Plane

A

Used to monitor traffic conditions & the status of the network

38
Q

Spine & Leaf Architecture

A

An alternative type of network architecture that focuses on the communication within the datacenter itself

Can give fasters speeds/lower latency than the traditional 3-tiered hierarchy

39
Q

Top-of-Rack Switching

A

Installing 2 switches in each server
Switches physically installed at the top of the rack
Each server on that rack will have a connection to both switches
Switches = leaves in the Spine & Leaf Architecture

40
Q

Traffic Flow: North-South

A

Traffic that enters/leaves the datacenter from a system physically residing outside the datacenter

North: Exiting datacenter
South: Entering datacenter

41
Q

Traffic Flow: East-West

A

Refers to data flow within a datacenter

42
Q

On-Premise Datacenter

A

A traditional, private data infrastructure usually located in the same building as the main offices

All other offices = branch offices

43
Q

Branch Office Datacenter

A

If you have slower connections with on-premise, you may need to host some of the datacenter in the branch offices too

44
Q

Co-Located Datacenter

A

A datacenter environment owned by another company

45
Q

NAS

A

Network Attached Storage:
Disk storage is delivered as a service over TCP/IP

Dion (N10-008) (27 decks)

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