Porifera

Question 1

Osculum

Answer 1

The opening where water is released

Question 2

Ostia

Answer 2

Small openings where water comes into the sponge

Question 3

Collar Cells

Answer 3

“Choanocytes is the better name” They bring water into the sponge by beating their flagella

Question 4

Spongocoel

Answer 4

The inner cavity

Question 5

What kind of shapes can Sponges have?

Answer 5

vase, tubular, etc. Deeper water ones usually have cooler shapes

Question 6

Commensal

Answer 6

One organism benefits but the host has no adverse affects

Question 7

Sponges can regenerate

Answer 7

They’ll come back together or make a new one if they are torn apart. Reaggregate regeneration.

Question 8

Types of Sponge Cells

Answer 8

Mesophyll, Pinacocytes, Choanocytes, archaeocytes

Question 9

Mesophyll

Answer 9

Gelatenous fluid that cells live in

Question 10

Pinacocytes

Answer 10

Equal to cell layer covering sponge. They form the Pinacoderm. Scattered around the pinacocytes are little pores called porocytes.

Question 11

Choanocytes

Answer 11

These are the collar cells, They bring in the water and filter in the food.They have a grid of micro villi that is covered in mucus. The mucus traps the food and the mucus will draw down the cell. The cell will phagocytize it and it will enter the cell.

Question 12

Archaeocytes

Answer 12

These are the amoeboid and can convert to the other cell types. Amoebocyte(The food carrier), Scleorocytes (Form Spicules), and Collenocytes (Produce spongin)

Question 13

Spicules contain toxin is is used to deter predators

Answer 13

Yep

Question 14

Flow Patterns

Answer 14

Ascon, Sycon, Leucon

Question 15

Ascon

Answer 15

The porocytes act like like ostia—-> spongocoel that is linked with choanocytes–> water exits through osculum

Question 16

Sycon

Answer 16

A little bigger
Water enters through the ostia–>prozopile–>enter chamber lined with choanocytes called the radial canal–> goes through the apopyle–> spongocoel–> osculum

Question 17

Leucon

Answer 17

It has the most common type of flow pattern. Found in mostly the large sponges.
There are a lot of choanocytes, so the sponge gets more food and is able to support a larger structure.

Question 18

Reproduction

Answer 18

The fresh water spongilla makes gemmules asexually. All sponges are able to reproduce asexually through reaggregation. There is also sexual reproduction where eggs and sperm released from the osculum or it can be left in the spongocoel.

Question 19

Types of Larvae

Answer 19

Amphiblastula, Parenchymula

Question 20

Amphiblastula

Answer 20

They are partially flagellated and will turn inside out.

Question 21

Parenchymula

Answer 21

These are completely flagellated

Question 22

Classification for Phylum Porifera

Answer 22

C. Calcarea, C Hexactinellida, C. Demospongia, C. homoscleromorpha

Question 23

C. Calcerea

Answer 23

Spicules made of Calcium Carbonate that form a fringe around the osculum. Spicules are three or four rayed

Question 24

C. Hexactinellida

Answer 24

Their spicules are six rayed and made of silicon. Spicules are united to form network. Body is often cylindrical or funnel shaped. Cyconoid or leuconoid. Mostly deep water

Question 25

C. Demospongiae

Answer 25

Their spicules are made of silicon but are not six rayed or spongin.

Question 26

C. homoscleromorpha

Answer 26

Spicules may be absent.