porifera

Question 1

Name the three main classes of porifera.

Answer 1

calcarea, hexactinellida, demospongiae

Question 2

What body symmetry describes that of sponges?

Answer 2

none

Question 3

Do sponges have tissues or organs? If not, how does it perform its major biological functions?

Answer 3

no, cellular level

Question 4

How are the bodies of sponges structured?

Answer 4

4 major cell types arranged around a system of pores and canals

Question 5

How do sponges feed?

Answer 5

filtration through collar cells

Question 6

How are sponges structurally supported?

Answer 6

spicules or collagen fibers

Question 7

What are the 3 main body types of sponges?

Answer 7

asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid

Question 8

Describe asconoid sponges.

Answer 8

no folding

Question 9

Describe syconoid sponges.

Answer 9

little infolding

Question 10

Describe leuconoid sponges.

Answer 10

body folds themselves folded

Question 11

Describe the spicules of class calcarea?

Answer 11

3 or 4 rays, calcium carbonate, needle shaped

Question 12

Name some common examples of calcarea.

Answer 12

leucosolenia and scypha

Question 13

Describe the spicules of hexactinellida.

Answer 13

6 rays, silica

Question 14

What body plans can be found in calcarea?

Answer 14

all types

Question 15

What body plans can be found in hexactinellida?

Answer 15

syconoid or leuconoid

Question 16

Name a common example of hexactinellida.

Answer 16

venus flower basket

Question 17

Describe the skeleton of demospongiae.

Answer 17

spongin skeleton, silica spicules, or both

Question 18

What body types are found in demospongiae?

Answer 18

leuconoid

Question 19

Name a common example of demospongiae.

Answer 19

spongilla

Question 20

Name some common syconoid sponges.

Answer 20

grantia and scypha

Question 21

Trace the path through an asconoid sponge.

Answer 21

ostia, spongocoel (lined with choanocytes), osculum

Question 22

Trace the path through a leuconoid sponge.

Answer 22

ostia, incurrent canal, prosopyle, flagellated chamber (lined with choanocytes), apopyle, excurrent canal, osculum

Question 23

Trace the path through a syconoid sponge.

Answer 23

ostium, incurrent canal, prosopyle, radial canal (lined with choanocytes), apopyle, spongocoel, osculum

Question 24

List the common cell types found in sponges.

Answer 24

pinacocytes, choanocytes, porocytes, amoebocytes, sclerocytes, spongocytes

Question 25

What is the function of the pinacocytes?

Answer 25

form the outer layer of sponge

Question 26

What is the function of the choanocytes?

Answer 26

collar cells lining internal canals, create water flow and capture food

Question 27

What is the function of the amoebocytes?

Answer 27

mobile cells that transport nutrients. can transform into any needed cell.

Question 28

What is the function of the porocytes?

Answer 28

regulate water intake through pores.

Question 29

What is the function of the sclerocytes and spongocytes?

Answer 29

produce spicules and spongin respectively

Question 30

How do sponges reproduce?

Answer 30

both asexually and sexually

Question 31

How do sponges reproduce asexually?

Answer 31

fragmentation, budding, gemmulation

Question 32

Describe gemmulation.

Answer 32

amoebocyte balls form that can reproduce if main body dies

Question 33

How do sponges reproduce sexually?

Answer 33

choanocyte cells lose collars and flagella and released into water.

Question 34

How do most sponges feed?

Answer 34

suspension feeding, filter feeding, phagocytosis