porifera Flashcards
Name the three main classes of porifera.
calcarea, hexactinellida, demospongiae
What body symmetry describes that of sponges?
none
Do sponges have tissues or organs? If not, how does it perform its major biological functions?
no, cellular level
How are the bodies of sponges structured?
4 major cell types arranged around a system of pores and canals
How do sponges feed?
filtration through collar cells
How are sponges structurally supported?
spicules or collagen fibers
What are the 3 main body types of sponges?
asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid
Describe asconoid sponges.
no folding
Describe syconoid sponges.
little infolding
Describe leuconoid sponges.
body folds themselves folded
Describe the spicules of class calcarea?
3 or 4 rays, calcium carbonate, needle shaped
Name some common examples of calcarea.
leucosolenia and scypha
Describe the spicules of hexactinellida.
6 rays, silica
What body plans can be found in calcarea?
all types
What body plans can be found in hexactinellida?
syconoid or leuconoid
Name a common example of hexactinellida.
venus flower basket
Describe the skeleton of demospongiae.
spongin skeleton, silica spicules, or both
What body types are found in demospongiae?
leuconoid
Name a common example of demospongiae.
spongilla
Name some common syconoid sponges.
grantia and scypha
Trace the path through an asconoid sponge.
ostia, spongocoel (lined with choanocytes), osculum
Trace the path through a leuconoid sponge.
ostia, incurrent canal, prosopyle, flagellated chamber (lined with choanocytes), apopyle, excurrent canal, osculum
Trace the path through a syconoid sponge.
ostium, incurrent canal, prosopyle, radial canal (lined with choanocytes), apopyle, spongocoel, osculum
List the common cell types found in sponges.
pinacocytes, choanocytes, porocytes, amoebocytes, sclerocytes, spongocytes
What is the function of the pinacocytes?
form the outer layer of sponge
What is the function of the choanocytes?
collar cells lining internal canals, create water flow and capture food
What is the function of the amoebocytes?
mobile cells that transport nutrients. can transform into any needed cell.
What is the function of the porocytes?
regulate water intake through pores.
What is the function of the sclerocytes and spongocytes?
produce spicules and spongin respectively
How do sponges reproduce?
both asexually and sexually
How do sponges reproduce asexually?
fragmentation, budding, gemmulation
Describe gemmulation.
amoebocyte balls form that can reproduce if main body dies
How do sponges reproduce sexually?
choanocyte cells lose collars and flagella and released into water.
How do most sponges feed?
suspension feeding, filter feeding, phagocytosis
