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NAVLE > Porcine > Flashcards

Porcine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of mange in pigs?

A

Sarcoptes scabeis var suis

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2
Q

What is the cause of “greasy pig disease”?

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

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3
Q

You have a group of pigs, late pre-weaning, with black skin and exfoliation. They are not itchy. Primary differentials?

A

Staphylococcus hyicus aka greasy pig disease

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4
Q

How is greasy pig disease treated?

A

Injectable penicillin, ceftiofur OR topical chlorhex dips

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5
Q

How is greasy pig disease controlled?

A

Manage parasites, good sanitation, good nutrition - especially zinc

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6
Q

You have a group of pigs less than 4 months old. They have 1-6mm diameter papules that turn into pustules and crusts. What disease is this?

A

Swine pox - caused by a pox virus

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7
Q

How is swing pox diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs and biopsy

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8
Q

What is the definitive sign of swine pox on biopsy?

A

Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

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9
Q

How is swine pox treated?

A

No treatment necessary. Manage blood sucking bugs.

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10
Q

What is Erysipelas caused by?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, gram positive rod-shaped bacteria

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11
Q

What group of pigs is affected by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

Pigs > 3 months old

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12
Q

How is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs - diamond skin lesions are pathognomonic. Also culture of blood, joint, liver, lung. Can cause abortion and endocarditis.

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13
Q

How is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae treated?

A

Penicillin

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14
Q

When should you vaccinate for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

Middle to end of nursery time (maternal interference) for piglets; pre-breeding time for sows

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15
Q

What is Pityriasis rosea?

A

Unknown cause, spontaneous remission, juveniles.

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16
Q

Splenic infarction is pathognomonic for what foreign animal disease?

A

Hog cholera

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17
Q

What are clinical signs of hog cholera?

A

Oral petechniation, paresis/paralysis, vomiting/diarrhea, oral ulceration. Generally do not see coughing or sneezing. Death approaches 100%, akk ages affected,

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18
Q

Hog cholera is also known as ___ ____ ____ and is caused by a ___virus

A

Classical swine fever; pestivirus

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19
Q

This virus causes hemorrhage, has similar signs to hog cholera, and is more severe.

A

African Swine Fever. Endemic in wild swine.

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20
Q

What is the causative agent of swine lice? What is it indicative of?

A

Haematopinus suis. Poor management.

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21
Q

How is swine lice treated?

A

Same as mange - ivermectin.

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22
Q

Every baby pig should get an injection of _____ within __ - __ days of birth to ward off baby pig ______

A

Iron; 1-3 days; anemia

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23
Q

I am an obligate intracellular parasite of RBCs. I cause fever, icterus, anemia, and a large spleen on necropsy. What am I?

A

Mycoplasma suis aka Eperythrozoonosis.

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24
Q

When would you see Eperythrozoonosis (mycoplasma suis)? How is it diagnosed?

A

Young growing pigs; giemsa stain blood smear or serology.

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25
Q

How is Eperythrozoonosis (mycoplasma suis) treated?

A

Oxytetracycline injection or in feed.

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26
Q

You see sudden death of young “healthy” pigs. On necropsy there is fibrin all over the abdomen and pleura. What do you suspect?

A

Glasser’s disease aka polyserositis.

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27
Q

What is the causative agent of Glasser’s disease? What precipitates an outbreak?

A

Haemophilus parasuis. Stress - particularly in 3-4 month old pigs that are weaning, changes in environment, commingling, or as coinfection with other disease agents. Contributes to bacterial pneumonia.

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28
Q

What are the treatments for Glasser’s disease?

A

Cause is a gram-negative coccobacillus. Treatment is penicillin, tetracycline, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin.

29
Q

What are the two subspecies of salmonella that are problematic in swine? Which are zoonotic?

A

Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhimurium (zoonotic)

30
Q

What disease is characterized by “button ulcers”?

A

Salmonella

31
Q

Salmonella tends to cause ______ in pigs, characterized by _____ discoloration of the _____, liver _____, and ______ of the lungs.

A

Septicemia; purple discoloration of the ears, liver abscesses and pneumonia.

32
Q

Treatment of salmonella would be

A

Neomycin in the water/feed for group, or florfenicol. Injectable ceftiofur for individuals.

33
Q

This kind of farm helps prevent salmonella outbreaks.

A

All in and all out; nursery vax, good sanitation.

34
Q

PRRS causes two distinct clinical presentations

A

Reproductive impairment or failure in breeding animals, and respiratory disease in pigs of any age

35
Q

What cells does PRRS tend to infect?

A

The virus has a predilection for cells of the immune system, including pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIM) and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM)

36
Q

Signs of PRRS in sows and gilts

A

Delayed or abnormal estrus cycle w/increased stillborns/mummies/abortions

37
Q

Signs of PRRS in young and growing pigs

A

Young, growing and finishing pigs: Primary clinical signs among young pigs are fever, depression, lethargy, stunting due to systemic disease, and pneumonia.

38
Q

How is PRRS diagnosed?

A

Serology, virus isolation, PCR

39
Q

How is PRRS treated? Prevented?

A

Supportive care and tx secondary infections; difficult to control, multiple steps - closed herd, depopulate, vaccine in pre-breeding sows and in neonates.

40
Q

What is Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease caused by?

A

Porcine circovirus type 2

41
Q

You have early finisher pigs that are wasting, high mortality rates of up to 50%, and enlarged peripheral LNs. You suspect:

A

Porcine circovirus type 2

42
Q

To make your diagnosis of Porcine circovirus type 2 you look for this on necropsy

A

Granulomatous lymphadenitis and pneumonia; intracytoplasmic inclusions

43
Q

What is the CASE DEFINITION of PCVAD?

A

Lymphoid depletion, high PCV2 antigen, at least doubling of mortality.

44
Q

What is the treatment for PCVAD?

A

Euthanasia.

45
Q

How is PCVAD controlled?

A

Vaccination! We have a good one this time!

46
Q

I am a disease that causes 100% mortality in baby piglets, neurologic signs “shaker pig”, and oral ulcers. I am?

A

Pseudorabies. Herpes virus.

47
Q

You did a necropsy on the shaker pigs and found what lesions that confirm your suspicion about pseudorabies?

A

Cowdry type A inclusion bodies; necrotic tonsils w/diphtheric membrane.

48
Q

List the three causes of suppurative arthritis in pigs

A

Strep suis, erysipelothrix, actinomyces pyogenes

49
Q

You have a group of pigs who are all between the ages of 4 - 12 weeks old. Some have been lame for a few weeks, others have acutely become lame. There is edema of the synovial tissue. What is the likely cause? How is it treated?

A

Mycoplasma hyosynoviae. Treated with lincomycin

50
Q

You have a group of first litter gilts that are dog sitting and acutely lame after parturition. They seem painful and are grunting. What disease do you suspect?

A

Osteomalacia.

51
Q

You see a number of weaners and growers that are stiff and lame. On slaughter, a number of them have fractures of the femoral head. What disease do you suspect?

A

Rickets

52
Q

You have a group of heavily muscled grower pigs, 10-26 weeks of age. They are lame, weak, are dog-sitting and goose stepping. What do you suspect?

A

Osteochondrosis

53
Q

You have a group of piglets, 3-12 weeks old. They are blind, tremoring, seizuring, and ataxic. On necropsy you see suppurative meningitis. What infectious agent do you suspect?

A

Streptococcus suis

54
Q

You diagnose streptococcus suis. What treatment are you instituting immediately?

A

Penicillin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, or ceftiofur.

55
Q

How do you prevent streptococcus meningitis?

A

Minimize stress. Prophylactic antibiotics.

56
Q

Your pig farmer has a headache. You just diagnosed his pigs with this disease that is zoonotic, affects 3-12 week old piglets, causes neurologic signs, and shows up as suppurative meningitis on necropsy. What disease is this? Is it related to the farmer’s headache?

A

Streptococcus suis. It is zoonotic. This is rare in the US.

57
Q

You have a group of pigs that are 1-3 weeks post-weaning. They come down with sudden scours, sudden death, palpebral edema, and ataxia. What are you suspicious for?

A

Edema disease - e coli with the shiga-like toxin.

58
Q

What is the virulence factor in E-coli that causes edema disease in the US?

A

F18 pili virulence.

59
Q

How do you treat edema disease in piglets?

A

No effective treatment once signs develop. Control is abx in water, high fiber diet, and vaccination before weaning.

60
Q

You have a group of sows that are producing mummies, dead or weak piglets, and frequent recycling into heat. There are no other signs of illness. What disease do you suspect?

A

Parvovirus

61
Q

What is an easy way to prevent parvovirus from causing SMEDI (still birth, mummi, embryonic death, infertility) in gilts?

A

Mix them with sows pre-breeding. Grind up mummies and feed to gilts. Can also vaccinate.

62
Q

This disease causes LAST TRIMESTER abortion and still birth. It’s visualized with dark field microscopy and can be controlled with vaccination. What am I?

A

Leptospirosis

63
Q

What serovars of leptospirosis causes abortion in sows?

A

L. interrogans, serovar pomona or bratislava

64
Q

How is leptospirosis treated?

A

Tetracycline

65
Q

I cause abortion at any stage of pregnancy. I cause infertility and sows to come back into heat quickly. You may see orchitis or arthritis. What am I?

A

Brucella suis

66
Q

How is brucella suis treated?

A

Slaughter. It is zoonotic!

67
Q

Piglets Prefer Prolific Love Pets Every Sunday

A

Causes of abortion and still birth in pigs - Parvovirus, PRRS, pseudorabies, leptospirosis, PCVAD, erysipelas, swine influenza

68
Q

Hello, I’m a sow. I am a ___ seasonal, ____estrous animal

A

Non-seasonal; polyestrous

69
Q

I am a sow. My estrus lasts _ - _ days, and ovulation occurs __ - __ hrs after estrus.

A

2-3 days; 34-48hrs

NAVLE (4 decks)

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