Porcine Flashcards
What is the cause of mange in pigs?
Sarcoptes scabeis var suis
What is the cause of “greasy pig disease”?
Staphylococcus hyicus
You have a group of pigs, late pre-weaning, with black skin and exfoliation. They are not itchy. Primary differentials?
Staphylococcus hyicus aka greasy pig disease
How is greasy pig disease treated?
Injectable penicillin, ceftiofur OR topical chlorhex dips
How is greasy pig disease controlled?
Manage parasites, good sanitation, good nutrition - especially zinc
You have a group of pigs less than 4 months old. They have 1-6mm diameter papules that turn into pustules and crusts. What disease is this?
Swine pox - caused by a pox virus
How is swing pox diagnosed?
Clinical signs and biopsy
What is the definitive sign of swine pox on biopsy?
Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
How is swine pox treated?
No treatment necessary. Manage blood sucking bugs.
What is Erysipelas caused by?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, gram positive rod-shaped bacteria
What group of pigs is affected by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?
Pigs > 3 months old
How is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae diagnosed?
Clinical signs - diamond skin lesions are pathognomonic. Also culture of blood, joint, liver, lung. Can cause abortion and endocarditis.
How is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae treated?
Penicillin
When should you vaccinate for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?
Middle to end of nursery time (maternal interference) for piglets; pre-breeding time for sows
What is Pityriasis rosea?
Unknown cause, spontaneous remission, juveniles.
Splenic infarction is pathognomonic for what foreign animal disease?
Hog cholera
What are clinical signs of hog cholera?
Oral petechniation, paresis/paralysis, vomiting/diarrhea, oral ulceration. Generally do not see coughing or sneezing. Death approaches 100%, akk ages affected,
Hog cholera is also known as ___ ____ ____ and is caused by a ___virus
Classical swine fever; pestivirus
This virus causes hemorrhage, has similar signs to hog cholera, and is more severe.
African Swine Fever. Endemic in wild swine.
What is the causative agent of swine lice? What is it indicative of?
Haematopinus suis. Poor management.
How is swine lice treated?
Same as mange - ivermectin.
Every baby pig should get an injection of _____ within __ - __ days of birth to ward off baby pig ______
Iron; 1-3 days; anemia
I am an obligate intracellular parasite of RBCs. I cause fever, icterus, anemia, and a large spleen on necropsy. What am I?
Mycoplasma suis aka Eperythrozoonosis.
When would you see Eperythrozoonosis (mycoplasma suis)? How is it diagnosed?
Young growing pigs; giemsa stain blood smear or serology.
How is Eperythrozoonosis (mycoplasma suis) treated?
Oxytetracycline injection or in feed.
You see sudden death of young “healthy” pigs. On necropsy there is fibrin all over the abdomen and pleura. What do you suspect?
Glasser’s disease aka polyserositis.
What is the causative agent of Glasser’s disease? What precipitates an outbreak?
Haemophilus parasuis. Stress - particularly in 3-4 month old pigs that are weaning, changes in environment, commingling, or as coinfection with other disease agents. Contributes to bacterial pneumonia.
What are the treatments for Glasser’s disease?
Cause is a gram-negative coccobacillus. Treatment is penicillin, tetracycline, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin.
What are the two subspecies of salmonella that are problematic in swine? Which are zoonotic?
Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhimurium (zoonotic)
What disease is characterized by “button ulcers”?
Salmonella
Salmonella tends to cause ______ in pigs, characterized by _____ discoloration of the _____, liver _____, and ______ of the lungs.
Septicemia; purple discoloration of the ears, liver abscesses and pneumonia.
Treatment of salmonella would be
Neomycin in the water/feed for group, or florfenicol. Injectable ceftiofur for individuals.
This kind of farm helps prevent salmonella outbreaks.
All in and all out; nursery vax, good sanitation.
PRRS causes two distinct clinical presentations
Reproductive impairment or failure in breeding animals, and respiratory disease in pigs of any age
What cells does PRRS tend to infect?
The virus has a predilection for cells of the immune system, including pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIM) and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM)
Signs of PRRS in sows and gilts
Delayed or abnormal estrus cycle w/increased stillborns/mummies/abortions
Signs of PRRS in young and growing pigs
Young, growing and finishing pigs: Primary clinical signs among young pigs are fever, depression, lethargy, stunting due to systemic disease, and pneumonia.
How is PRRS diagnosed?
Serology, virus isolation, PCR
How is PRRS treated? Prevented?
Supportive care and tx secondary infections; difficult to control, multiple steps - closed herd, depopulate, vaccine in pre-breeding sows and in neonates.
What is Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease caused by?
Porcine circovirus type 2
You have early finisher pigs that are wasting, high mortality rates of up to 50%, and enlarged peripheral LNs. You suspect:
Porcine circovirus type 2
To make your diagnosis of Porcine circovirus type 2 you look for this on necropsy
Granulomatous lymphadenitis and pneumonia; intracytoplasmic inclusions
What is the CASE DEFINITION of PCVAD?
Lymphoid depletion, high PCV2 antigen, at least doubling of mortality.
What is the treatment for PCVAD?
Euthanasia.
How is PCVAD controlled?
Vaccination! We have a good one this time!
I am a disease that causes 100% mortality in baby piglets, neurologic signs “shaker pig”, and oral ulcers. I am?
Pseudorabies. Herpes virus.
You did a necropsy on the shaker pigs and found what lesions that confirm your suspicion about pseudorabies?
Cowdry type A inclusion bodies; necrotic tonsils w/diphtheric membrane.
List the three causes of suppurative arthritis in pigs
Strep suis, erysipelothrix, actinomyces pyogenes
You have a group of pigs who are all between the ages of 4 - 12 weeks old. Some have been lame for a few weeks, others have acutely become lame. There is edema of the synovial tissue. What is the likely cause? How is it treated?
Mycoplasma hyosynoviae. Treated with lincomycin
You have a group of first litter gilts that are dog sitting and acutely lame after parturition. They seem painful and are grunting. What disease do you suspect?
Osteomalacia.
You see a number of weaners and growers that are stiff and lame. On slaughter, a number of them have fractures of the femoral head. What disease do you suspect?
Rickets
You have a group of heavily muscled grower pigs, 10-26 weeks of age. They are lame, weak, are dog-sitting and goose stepping. What do you suspect?
Osteochondrosis
You have a group of piglets, 3-12 weeks old. They are blind, tremoring, seizuring, and ataxic. On necropsy you see suppurative meningitis. What infectious agent do you suspect?
Streptococcus suis
You diagnose streptococcus suis. What treatment are you instituting immediately?
Penicillin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, or ceftiofur.
How do you prevent streptococcus meningitis?
Minimize stress. Prophylactic antibiotics.
Your pig farmer has a headache. You just diagnosed his pigs with this disease that is zoonotic, affects 3-12 week old piglets, causes neurologic signs, and shows up as suppurative meningitis on necropsy. What disease is this? Is it related to the farmer’s headache?
Streptococcus suis. It is zoonotic. This is rare in the US.
You have a group of pigs that are 1-3 weeks post-weaning. They come down with sudden scours, sudden death, palpebral edema, and ataxia. What are you suspicious for?
Edema disease - e coli with the shiga-like toxin.
What is the virulence factor in E-coli that causes edema disease in the US?
F18 pili virulence.
How do you treat edema disease in piglets?
No effective treatment once signs develop. Control is abx in water, high fiber diet, and vaccination before weaning.
You have a group of sows that are producing mummies, dead or weak piglets, and frequent recycling into heat. There are no other signs of illness. What disease do you suspect?
Parvovirus
What is an easy way to prevent parvovirus from causing SMEDI (still birth, mummi, embryonic death, infertility) in gilts?
Mix them with sows pre-breeding. Grind up mummies and feed to gilts. Can also vaccinate.
This disease causes LAST TRIMESTER abortion and still birth. It’s visualized with dark field microscopy and can be controlled with vaccination. What am I?
Leptospirosis
What serovars of leptospirosis causes abortion in sows?
L. interrogans, serovar pomona or bratislava
How is leptospirosis treated?
Tetracycline
I cause abortion at any stage of pregnancy. I cause infertility and sows to come back into heat quickly. You may see orchitis or arthritis. What am I?
Brucella suis
How is brucella suis treated?
Slaughter. It is zoonotic!
Piglets Prefer Prolific Love Pets Every Sunday
Causes of abortion and still birth in pigs - Parvovirus, PRRS, pseudorabies, leptospirosis, PCVAD, erysipelas, swine influenza
Hello, I’m a sow. I am a ___ seasonal, ____estrous animal
Non-seasonal; polyestrous
I am a sow. My estrus lasts _ - _ days, and ovulation occurs __ - __ hrs after estrus.
2-3 days; 34-48hrs
