Populations Glossary

Question 1

Demographic Dividend

Answer 1

Growth in the economy due to a change in a country’s population age structure. Happens when there is a higher proportion of working age population than dependent population

Question 2

North-South Divide

Answer 2

Increasing inequality in the levels of development between the North and South or the HICs and LICs

Question 3

Development gap

Answer 3

Difference in wealth between the developed world and developing world

Question 4

OPEC

Answer 4

Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries, representing interests of oil exporters

Question 5

G7/G8

Answer 5

group of the world’s welathiest countires

Question 6

G10

Answer 6

Group of the wealthiest members of the Intl Monetary Fund

Question 7

natural Increase

Answer 7

Crude birth rate - crude death rate, expressed as a percentage. Migration is not taken into account

Question 8

Doubling time

Answer 8

the number of years needed for the population to become double its current size.

Formula: (70/rate of natural increase)

Question 9

TFR

Answer 9

The average number of children a woman is expected to give birth to in her childbearing years

Question 10

Population momentum

Answer 10

The tendency for the population to grow despite a drop fertility rate. This is because people are in their pre-childbearing and childbearing years, and as they have children the number of total children will exceed to number of deaths in the older populations

Question 11

Population projection

Answer 11

the prediction of future populations based on the present age-gender structure, and with present rates of fertility, mortality and migration.

Question 12

LE

Answer 12

The average number of years a person can be expected to live, given that demographic factors remain unchanged

Question 13

CBR

Answer 13

the number of live births per 1000 population in a given year

Question 14

CDR

Answer 14

Number of deaths per 1000 people in a given year

Question 15

age/sex pyramid

Answer 15

a bar chart, arranged vertically that shows the distribution of population by age and gender/sex

Question 16

dependency ratio

Answer 16

the ratio of the number of people under 15 and over 64 years to those 15-64 years of age

Question 17

forced migration

Answer 17

the movement of refugees and IDPs, as well as those displaced by natural, environmental, nuclear or chemical disasters, famine or development projects.

Question 18

Refugee

Answer 18

A person residing outside his/her country of nationality and unable/unwilling to return based on well-founded fear of persecution on the basis of race, ethnicity, language, religion, political or social beliefs.

Question 19

Asylum seeker

Answer 19

A person who has left their home country in search of protection elsewhere but whose refugee status hasn’t been decided yet

Question 20

IDPs

Answer 20

When groups of people are forced to flee their homes in large numbers due to armed conflict, systematic human rights violations, internal strife, natural disasters or mad-made disaster and who are within the territory of their own country

Question 21

Smuggled people

Answer 21

People moved illegally for profit

Question 22

Trafficked people

Answer 22

People moved via deception or coercion for exploitation and/or profit

Question 23

Replacement level fertility

Answer 23

The average number of children per woman at which each generation has just enough children to replace themselves in a population. On average, 2.12 –> 0.12 accounts for child death (migration not taken into account)

Question 24

Infant mortality rate

Answer 24

Number of deaths of infants under 1 years old per 1000 live births in a year

Question 25

Child mortality rate

Answer 25

The number of deaths of children under 5 years per live births in a year

Question 26

Sex ratio

Answer 26

The number of males per 100 females in a population

Question 27

Carrying capacity

Answer 27

The largest population that the resources of a given area can support

Question 28

Population distribution

Answer 28

The way people are spread out across the Earth's surface

Question 29

Population density

Answer 29

The number of people living in a specified area, usually measured in people per sq.km

Question 30

Population policy

Answer 30

Purposeful measures undertaken by govts aimed at affecting demographic processes

Question 31

GNI

Answer 31

The total value of goods and services produced in a country added to net income received from overseas investments. This is divided by the total population for GNI per capita

Question 32

GDP

Answer 32

The total value of goods and services produced in a country

Question 33

annual growth rate

Answer 33

the increase in a country's population in a given period of time, usually one year, often expressed as a % of the population at the start of that period

Question 34

Fertility rate (not total fertility rate)

Answer 34

the number of live births per 1000 women of childbearing age

Question 35

Ageing population

Answer 35

When the median age of a country increases due to rising life expectancy and/or declining fertility rates. There is a high proportion of elderly people in the population

Question 36

Youthful population

Answer 36

Populations with a higher proportion of young people due to high BR and falling IMR/child mortality due to better healthcare, education and nutrition. The median age of population decreases