Populations Glossary Flashcards
Demographic Dividend
Growth in the economy due to a change in a country’s population age structure. Happens when there is a higher proportion of working age population than dependent population
North-South Divide
Increasing inequality in the levels of development between the North and South or the HICs and LICs
Development gap
Difference in wealth between the developed world and developing world
OPEC
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries, representing interests of oil exporters
G7/G8
group of the world’s welathiest countires
G10
Group of the wealthiest members of the Intl Monetary Fund
natural Increase
Crude birth rate - crude death rate, expressed as a percentage. Migration is not taken into account
Doubling time
the number of years needed for the population to become double its current size.
Formula: (70/rate of natural increase)
TFR
The average number of children a woman is expected to give birth to in her childbearing years
Population momentum
The tendency for the population to grow despite a drop fertility rate. This is because people are in their pre-childbearing and childbearing years, and as they have children the number of total children will exceed to number of deaths in the older populations
Population projection
the prediction of future populations based on the present age-gender structure, and with present rates of fertility, mortality and migration.
LE
The average number of years a person can be expected to live, given that demographic factors remain unchanged
CBR
the number of live births per 1000 population in a given year
CDR
Number of deaths per 1000 people in a given year
age/sex pyramid
a bar chart, arranged vertically that shows the distribution of population by age and gender/sex
dependency ratio
the ratio of the number of people under 15 and over 64 years to those 15-64 years of age
forced migration
the movement of refugees and IDPs, as well as those displaced by natural, environmental, nuclear or chemical disasters, famine or development projects.
Refugee
A person residing outside his/her country of nationality and unable/unwilling to return based on well-founded fear of persecution on the basis of race, ethnicity, language, religion, political or social beliefs.
Asylum seeker
A person who has left their home country in search of protection elsewhere but whose refugee status hasn’t been decided yet
IDPs
When groups of people are forced to flee their homes in large numbers due to armed conflict, systematic human rights violations, internal strife, natural disasters or mad-made disaster and who are within the territory of their own country
Smuggled people
People moved illegally for profit
Trafficked people
People moved via deception or coercion for exploitation and/or profit
Replacement level fertility
The average number of children per woman at which each generation has just enough children to replace themselves in a population. On average, 2.12 –> 0.12 accounts for child death (migration not taken into account)
Infant mortality rate
Number of deaths of infants under 1 years old per 1000 live births in a year
Child mortality rate
The number of deaths of children under 5 years per live births in a year
Sex ratio
The number of males per 100 females in a population
Carrying capacity
The largest population that the resources of a given area can support
Population distribution
The way people are spread out across the Earth’s surface
Population density
The number of people living in a specified area, usually measured in people per sq.km
Population policy
Purposeful measures undertaken by govts aimed at affecting demographic processes
GNI
The total value of goods and services produced in a country added to net income received from overseas investments. This is divided by the total population for GNI per capita
GDP
The total value of goods and services produced in a country
annual growth rate
the increase in a country’s population in a given period of time, usually one year, often expressed as a % of the population at the start of that period
Fertility rate (not total fertility rate)
the number of live births per 1000 women of childbearing age
Ageing population
When the median age of a country increases due to rising life expectancy and/or declining fertility rates. There is a high proportion of elderly people in the population
Youthful population
Populations with a higher proportion of young people due to high BR and falling IMR/child mortality due to better healthcare, education and nutrition. The median age of population decreases
