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IB SL Geography > Populations Glossary > Flashcards

Populations Glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

Demographic Dividend

A

Growth in the economy due to a change in a country’s population age structure. Happens when there is a higher proportion of working age population than dependent population

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2
Q

North-South Divide

A

Increasing inequality in the levels of development between the North and South or the HICs and LICs

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3
Q

Development gap

A

Difference in wealth between the developed world and developing world

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4
Q

OPEC

A

Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries, representing interests of oil exporters

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5
Q

G7/G8

A

group of the world’s welathiest countires

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6
Q

G10

A

Group of the wealthiest members of the Intl Monetary Fund

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7
Q

natural Increase

A

Crude birth rate - crude death rate, expressed as a percentage. Migration is not taken into account

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8
Q

Doubling time

A

the number of years needed for the population to become double its current size.

Formula: (70/rate of natural increase)

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9
Q

TFR

A

The average number of children a woman is expected to give birth to in her childbearing years

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10
Q

Population momentum

A

The tendency for the population to grow despite a drop fertility rate. This is because people are in their pre-childbearing and childbearing years, and as they have children the number of total children will exceed to number of deaths in the older populations

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11
Q

Population projection

A

the prediction of future populations based on the present age-gender structure, and with present rates of fertility, mortality and migration.

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12
Q

LE

A

The average number of years a person can be expected to live, given that demographic factors remain unchanged

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13
Q

CBR

A

the number of live births per 1000 population in a given year

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14
Q

CDR

A

Number of deaths per 1000 people in a given year

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15
Q

age/sex pyramid

A

a bar chart, arranged vertically that shows the distribution of population by age and gender/sex

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16
Q

dependency ratio

A

the ratio of the number of people under 15 and over 64 years to those 15-64 years of age

17
Q

forced migration

A

the movement of refugees and IDPs, as well as those displaced by natural, environmental, nuclear or chemical disasters, famine or development projects.

18
Q

Refugee

A

A person residing outside his/her country of nationality and unable/unwilling to return based on well-founded fear of persecution on the basis of race, ethnicity, language, religion, political or social beliefs.

19
Q

Asylum seeker

A

A person who has left their home country in search of protection elsewhere but whose refugee status hasn’t been decided yet

20
Q

IDPs

A

When groups of people are forced to flee their homes in large numbers due to armed conflict, systematic human rights violations, internal strife, natural disasters or mad-made disaster and who are within the territory of their own country

21
Q

Smuggled people

A

People moved illegally for profit

22
Q

Trafficked people

A

People moved via deception or coercion for exploitation and/or profit

23
Q

Replacement level fertility

A

The average number of children per woman at which each generation has just enough children to replace themselves in a population. On average, 2.12 –> 0.12 accounts for child death (migration not taken into account)

24
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Number of deaths of infants under 1 years old per 1000 live births in a year

25
Q

Child mortality rate

A

The number of deaths of children under 5 years per live births in a year

26
Q

Sex ratio

A

The number of males per 100 females in a population

27
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The largest population that the resources of a given area can support

28
Q

Population distribution

A

The way people are spread out across the Earth’s surface

29
Q

Population density

A

The number of people living in a specified area, usually measured in people per sq.km

30
Q

Population policy

A

Purposeful measures undertaken by govts aimed at affecting demographic processes

31
Q

GNI

A

The total value of goods and services produced in a country added to net income received from overseas investments. This is divided by the total population for GNI per capita

32
Q

GDP

A

The total value of goods and services produced in a country

33
Q

annual growth rate

A

the increase in a country’s population in a given period of time, usually one year, often expressed as a % of the population at the start of that period

34
Q

Fertility rate (not total fertility rate)

A

the number of live births per 1000 women of childbearing age

35
Q

Ageing population

A

When the median age of a country increases due to rising life expectancy and/or declining fertility rates. There is a high proportion of elderly people in the population

36
Q

Youthful population

A

Populations with a higher proportion of young people due to high BR and falling IMR/child mortality due to better healthcare, education and nutrition. The median age of population decreases

IB SL Geography (5 decks)

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