Populations and Variation in Life History Strategies Flashcards

1
Q

Population ecology

A

study of populations and their interactions with environment

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2
Q

Properties of a population

A
  1. Density
  2. Dispersion
  3. Demographics
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3
Q

Density

A

of individuals per unit area

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4
Q

Dispersion

A

pattern of spacing of individuals within boundaries of the population

a. clumped-individuals aggregated into patches
b. uniform-individuals are evenly spaced
c. random-individuals are spaced randomly

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5
Q

Demographics

A
study of vital statistics and how the change in a population over time
death rate, birth rate, age class structure, sex ratio
survivorship curve plots # of surviving individual at each age
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6
Q

cohort

A

group born at the same time (same age)

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7
Q

Survivorship Curve types

A
  1. low mortality of juveniles, high mortality in oldest individuals
  2. uniform death rates
  3. mortality high for juveniles, low mortality for older age classes
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8
Q

Life history

A

behavioral features that affect reproduction, survival, growth,etc

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9
Q

Life History Traits

A
  1. Age of sexual maturity
  2. size of adult
  3. fecundity
  4. # of reproductive cycles
  5. parental care
  6. longevity
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10
Q

Principle of Allocation

A

energy invested in one trait/characteristic can’t be used for another

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11
Q

Optimality Theory

A

if an organism has certain traits, they will be more or less successful than others in regards to fitness

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12
Q

Life History Strategies

A

Semelparity-produce many offspring once in life
Iteroparity (seasonal)
Iteroparity (continuous)
produce few offspring many times in life

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13
Q

K-selection

A

selection for traits that are favorable in high density conditions

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14
Q

r-selection

A

selection for traits that maximize reproductive success and are favorable in low density conditions

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15
Q

Phenotypic Plasticity

A

same genotype producing different phenotype depending on environmental conditions; triggered by abiotic and biotic factors

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16
Q

Traits that can be plastic

A

morphology
development
physiology
behavior

17
Q

Optimal Litter Size

A

low litter sizes-put more energy into offspring and produce higher quality offspring
high litter sizes-put more energy into offspring, but produce lower quality offspring

18
Q

Apparency Theory

A

more apparent plants will be more heavily defended since they have a higher risk of herbivory