Climate

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

the study of the interactions between organisms and their biotic and abiotic environment

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

maintain relatively stable internal environment despite change in external condition

Question 3

Regulators

Answer 3

actively control internal environment

Question 4

Conformers

Answer 4

allow conditions in body to change with environment

Question 5

Climate consist of…

Answer 5

Light, temperature, wind, and water

Question 6

Climate

Answer 6

long-term patterns in light, temperature, wind, and water/precipitation
short-term patterns are weather

Question 7

Light: Plants

Answer 7

effects: photosynthetic rates; provides information on seasonal changes
adaptations: leaf size; epiphytes; synchronizes activity/reproduction with seasonal changes

Question 8

Light: Animals

Answer 8

effects: provides information; alters activity patterns; increases predation risk; increase UV damage
adaptations: vision; nocturnal/diurnal activity; coloration patterns; melanin formation

Question 9

Temperature: Plants

Answer 9

effects: increases growth (photosynthesis and respiration rates); limits rang (too hot, too cold)
adaptations: dormancy in adverse conditions; antifreeze compounds

Question 10

Temperature: Animals

Answer 10

effects: limits range (too hot, too cold); limits activity
adaptations: thermoregulation (ectothermic/endothermic); hibernation in adverse conditions; migration

Question 11

Wind: Plants

Answer 11

effects: transport of resources (pollen, gas, dust); microclimate effects; damage at high winds
adaptations: wind pollination; altered growth forms; deep roots

Question 12

Wind: Animals

Answer 12

effects: microclimate effects
adaptations: minimal; some flight characteristics

Question 13

Water/Precipitation: Plants

Answer 13

effects: limits plant growth; damages roots if too much
adaptations: water conservation; aerenchyma

Question 14

Water/Precipitation: Animals

Answer 14

effects: limiting resources for survival
adaptations: water conservation (forms of excretion, and longer loop of henle)

Question 15

Biome

Answer 15

major types of ecosystems; regulated by global climate patterns; named for dominant vegetation

Question 16

Global Climate Patterns

Answer 16

largely determined by planet’s movement in space and solar radiation

Question 17

Solar radiation

Answer 17

warms atmosphere, land, and water; varies during the year

Question 18

Atmospheric Pressure

Answer 18

sum weight of the air above

Question 19

Convection Current

Answer 19

circular movement of air due to alternate heating and cooling

Question 20

Low Pressure Zones

Answer 20

warm, moist air rises and cools as it gains altitude; forms clouds; greater precipitation

Question 21

High Pressure Systems

Answer 21

warm, moist air trapped at surface; less cloud formation; less precipitation

Question 22

Precipitation and climate determine…

Answer 22

the dominant vegetation types (biomes); large scale climate patterns have major effects on vegetation

Question 23

Large water bodies–regional scale

Answer 23

water heats and cools slower than land; proximity to water fluctuates in temp; more water evaporates over water–get more precipitation (lake effect)

Question 24

Lake effect weather

Answer 24

Water temp warmer than land–>land surface cools faster than water; air warms and picks up moisture over lake; air cools over land resulting in lake effect precipitation
Water temp cooler than land–>air warms over land; get clear skies

Question 25

Water bodies–continental scale

Answer 25

areas near the ocean have moderate climates; areas far from ocean have more extreme climates

Question 26

Rain shadow

Answer 26

moist air move from water to land; air must rise over mountain; as it rises it cools causing heavy precipitation on one side; on the other side the cool, dry air descends and warms absorbing moisture creating deserts

Question 27

Microclimate

Answer 27

climate varies on very small scale; in shadow of a tree, hill, rock, concrete, etc