Populations And Evolution Flashcards
The hardy Weinberg principle states…
The allele frequencies of a population will change from generation to generation as long as certain conditions are met
In H-W principle p represents …
Frequency of dominant allele
In H-W principle q represents
Frequency of recessive allele
In H-W principle p^2 represents
Frequency of dominant genotype
In H-W principle q^2 represents
The frequency of recessive genotype
In H-W principle 2pq represents
Frequency of the heterozygous genotype
Causes of variation within a population
Genetic and environmental
What are the causes of genetic variation
Mutation, Meiosis , random fertilisation
State three factors which at the selection pressures in a population
Predation, disease, competition
What does the term differential reproductive success describe
A gradual change in allele frequency within a population is organisms with phenotype is beneficial for the environment survive and are able to reproduce successfully
What is disruptive selection
Where organisms are both extremes of a range of variation and most likely to survive, reproduce and pass on their alleles compare to those in the middle of the range
What is speciation
Where changes are in a populations allele frequencies give rise to new phenotypes which prevent individuals from interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
What is allopatric speciation
When population are separated geographically. Mutations occur over time. Phenotypes which prevent interbreeding
What is sympatric speciation
Occurs when mutations cause reproductive isolation even though the organisms are not geographically isolated
