energy transfer and nutrient cycles

Question 1

How do plants make organic compounds

Answer 1

Photosynthesis. They use sunlight to synthesise organic compounds from atmospheric or aquatic or carbon dioxide and water

Question 2

What happens to the sugars produced in photosynthesis

Answer 2

Respiration

Make of the biological molecules such as proteins and lipids equals biomass

Question 3

Define biomass

Answer 3

The measure of the mass of carbon dry mass in biological/living tissue per given area

Question 4

What is meant by dry mass

Answer 4

Measure of the biomass of an organism without water

Question 5

Piece of equipment can be used to estimate stored chemical energy in organism

Answer 5

calorimeter

Question 6

What is meant by Gross primary production (GPP)

Answer 6

The total amount of chemical energy stored in the biomass of a pain in the area and volume

Question 7

In France what type of energy is lost of the environment and have

Answer 7

During respiration some energy is lost to the environment is heat energy this is referred to as the respiratory loss (capital are)

Question 8

What is meant by the net for me production and how is it calculated

Answer 8

Calculated by NPP=GPP-R

Question 9

How is 90% of the energy in a consume the loss of the environment

Answer 9

Consume not completely consumed
Some parts are not digested they are lost as faces
Lost his excretory material such as urine
Heat loss through respiration

Question 10

How is the net production of a consumer calculated

Answer 10

N = I-F+R
N equals net production of consumers
I equals energy stored in ingested food
F equals energy lost three faces
R = respiratory losses

Question 11

What’s your food chain/webs show us

Answer 11

Have energy store there an ecosystem

Question 12

State three farming practices that help maximise productivity

Answer 12

1.predators are excluded so no loss of energy to other organisms
To.movement is restricted this reduces respiration
3.to keep livestock warm, this reduces respiration

Question 13

What is a saprobiont and what is its role

Answer 13

Fungo or bacteria also known as decomposes they break down complex molecules and dead organisms into simpler compounds which can be recycled back into the environment

Question 14

State the four main stages of the nitrogen cycle

Answer 14

Nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification

Question 15

What is nitrogen fixation and what microbes are involved

Answer 15

Nitrogen gas is converted into nitrogen containing compounds. The microbes involved are free-living bacteria, and mutualistic bacteria in root nodules

Question 16

What is anmonidication and what microbes are involved

Answer 16

The production of ammonia from organic nitrogen containing compounds the microbes involved of bacteria and fundi

Question 17

What is nitrification and what microbes are involved

Answer 17

Conversion of ammonium ions into nitrate ions

Free-living soil bacteria

Question 18

What is denitrification and what microbes are involved

Answer 18

Soil nitrates are converted into gaseous nitrogen

Anaerobic bacteria

Question 19

What is one fundamental difference of the phosphorus compared to the carbon and nitrogen cycle

Answer 19

There is no Gaseous stage involved in the phosphorus cycle. Most phosphate exists in the form of phosphate ions PO43 minus

Question 20

What is the main purpose of using natural and artificial fertiliser

Answer 20

To replace/maintain a central mineral ions in the soil so they Become a limiting factor to plant growth

Question 21

What is meant by leaching

Answer 21

The process by which water soluble fertiliser/chemicals get washed out of the soil by rainfall into streams and rivers

Question 22

Summarise what happens in eutrophication

Answer 22

– There is an increase in the nutrient concentration of water area such as freshwater lakes due to leaking
– increase in nutrients equals increase growth of algae equals algal bloom on surface of water
This layer courses like to become a limiting factor for the plant growth below the surface which will eventually die
– this causes an increase growth of anaerobic bacteria and they have to feed on the dead plant material
– overtime there is a shortage of O2 which and then turn causes the death of all aerobic organisms including the fish
– en route bacteria nice starting to decompose in a dead animal/property resulting in more nutrients entering the lake and making the water putrid