Populations Flashcards

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1
Q

Define population

A

A group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space at a particular time that can potentially interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

Define species

A

A group of similar organisms that can reproduce to give fertile offspring

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3
Q

Define community

A

All the populations of different species living and interacting in a particular space at a particular time.

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4
Q

Define gene pool

A

All the alleles in a population.

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5
Q

Define ecological niche

A

How an organism fits into the environment, referring to where an organism lives and what is does there

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6
Q

Define ecosystem

A

Dynamic systems made up of a community and all the non living factors of its environment.

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7
Q

Define allele frequency

A

How often different alleles occur in the gene pool of a population

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8
Q

Define carrying capacity

A

The maximum number of individuals of a particular species that the environment can carry and sustain.

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8
Q

List the abiotic factors that could influence the size of a population

A
  • Temperature
    The further away the optimum temperature for organisms, the lower the carrying capacity.
  • Light
    The more light the higher the carrying capacity of animals which feed on plants due to increased photosynthesis
  • pH
    A population in which the pH is suited to their optimum enzyme activity has an increased carrying capacity.
  • Water and humidity
    Organisms which survive on little water and dry air would have higher populations than those who don’t.
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9
Q

Define intraspecific competition

A

When competition occurs within the same species for resources such as food, water breeding sites etc.

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10
Q

Define interspecific competition

A

When competition occurs with different species for resources such as food, light and water, usually resulting in the growth of one species and the decline of another.

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11
Q

Define the competitive exclusion principle

A

Where two species are competing for limited resources and the conditions remain the same, the species that uses the resources most effectively will ultimately eliminate the other.

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