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Biology Unit 5 Prac Paper > Population Size And Ecosystem > Flashcards

Population Size And Ecosystem Flashcards

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1
Q

Population growth curve

A

Lag
Log stationary
Death/decline

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2
Q

Density dependent

A

Biotic (living)
Competition for resources
Predation
Disease

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3
Q

Density independent (non living)

A

Light intensity
Temp
Water supply
Nutrient supply
Humidity
Wind speed
Day lenght
Rainfall

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4
Q

How can results be used to determine the relationship between chosen factor and the percentage cover

A

Use a statistical test
Eg Pearson linear correlation
Spearman’s rank

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5
Q

What is species diversity

A

Number of diff species in a community and the relative abundance of each population

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6
Q

What is advantage of random sampling

A

Prevents selective sampling from causing bias
Eg. Researcher bias

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7
Q

What type of graph is used to represent the distribution of a species along a transect

A

A kite diagram

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8
Q

To asses biodiversity

A
  1. Number of different species in that area
  2. Number of individuals of each species
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9
Q

To asses biodiversity what is used to estimate data

A

Random sampling

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10
Q

In random sampling

A

Species must have equal chnace of being included in sample
Sampling method ensures that sample is representative of the whole population of each species
This reduces subjectivity and bias from data collected

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11
Q

Quadrat

A

Used to collect population sizes of organisms that do not move or move slowly

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12
Q

What does quadrat size depend on

A
  1. Area being sampled
  2. Size of organisms
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13
Q

Small quadrat

A

Area is narrow
Area of high level diversity

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14
Q

Large quadrat

A

Counting trees
(10x10m^2) quadrats may be used

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15
Q

What is biodiversity

A

Species richness and species eveness

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16
Q

Importance of taking large sample

A

Ensures sample is representative of whole area
Avoids bias
Ensures reliability of results

17
Q

Controls

A

Sample area which has not been excluded
Ensure environmental conditions are same in both areas

18
Q

Simpsons diversity

A

D= N(N-1)/{n(n-1)

19
Q

Carbon cycle

A
  1. Plants take in co2 and use it in photosynthesis to make organic molecules passed to food chains
  2. Plants and animals respire and excrete co2
  3. Combustion releases co2
  4. Decomposers respire excreting Co2
  5. The formation of fossil fuels
20
Q

Decomposers

A

Bacteria and Fungi

21
Q

Decomposition rate is affected by

A

Temp slower when cold
Ph slower when acidic
O2 availability slower with less oxygen

22
Q

What’s wrong with water logged soil

A

Lacks oxygen
This favours denitification and slows nitrification
Insectivorous plants live in water logged area

23
Q

What is done to fix water logged soil

A

Ploughing introduces air into soil encouraging nitrification
Drainage ditches reduce water logging and denitrification

24
Q

Losses are through ?

A

Leaching
Soluable ammonium, nitrate and nitrite ions dissolve in ground water and drain away

25
Q

Eutrophication

A

Excessive plant and algal growth due to increased availability of one or more limiting growth factors needed for photosynthesis

26
Q

What does leaching cause

A

Excess nutrients flow into lakes and rivers from leaching causing eutrophication
causing growth of algal bloom
This blocks sunlight from bottom dwelling plants which die
When algae die Decomposers population increases
As they are aerobic more o2 than usual is utilised out of water
Increased demand for oxygen
Fish and aquatic invertebrates die and decompose

27
Q

What are nitrifying bacteria

A

Nitrosomonas - convert ammonium to nitrite
Nitrobacter convert nitrite into nitrate

28
Q

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

Azobacter free living in soil
Rhizobium in root nodules of legumes symbiotic

29
Q

Denitrifying bacteria

A

Convert nitrate to nitrogen gas
Pseudomonas thrive in water logged soil

30
Q

Why is draining agriculture bad

A

Means that species rich wetlands are lost
This loss of habitats and niches reduces species diversity

31
Q

Rhizobium - symbiotic relationship with legumes

A

It fixes nitrogen gas into ammonium ions and makes amino acids which exports into legume
Legume makes root nodules for the rhizobium and provides carbohydrates and micro anerobic conditions needed for nitrogen fixation
Legumes live in poor nitrate soil
Clover is example of legume planted to provide extra nitrogen containing compounds

32
Q

What does simpsons index show

A

It’s a measure of diversity
Shows number of species present
And relative abundance of each species

Biology Unit 5 Prac Paper (6 decks)

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