2.1 All Organisms are related through their evolutionary history

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

Is the variety of life. It refers to the number of species in a habitat ( species richness) and abundance of individuals without each species (species eveness)

Question 2

Equipment

Answer 2

Quadrat
2x20m tape measure
Dichotomous key
Random number generator
Flat edged net
White tray

Question 3

Hazard plants

Answer 3

Plants- thorns, sting, poisonous
Risk
Adverse skin reaction
Precaution
Keep skin covered at all times
Wear long sleeved clothing

Question 4

Hazard insect bites and stings

Answer 4

Could cause irritation on skin
Adverse skin reaction
Keep skin covered at all times
Wear insect repellent

Question 5

Hazard weather

Answer 5

Hypothermia
Hyperthermia
Sunburn
Wear appropriate clothing
Use sunscreen, gloves

Question 6

Hazard terrain

Answer 6

Slipping
Tripping
Wear appropriate footwear take care when walking don’t run

Question 7

Method
Measuring the biodiversity of ground flora

Answer 7

1. Choose a sample area field
2. Position two 20m tape measures at right angles along the border of the sample area
3. Use a random number generator to randomly select two numbers which serve as the x coordinate and y coordinate with the tape measures as the axis
4. At each location place the lower left hand corner of the quadrat at the coordinate point
5. Identify the species present in each quadrat using a dichotomous key
6. Record the numbers of each species present
7. Repeat this for a total of 10 randomly generated coordinates
8. Calculate a value for the simpsons index

Question 8

Method measuring the biodiversity of invertebrates

Answer 8

1. Choose a sample area stream
2. Use a quadrat to mark sample area,
   3.hold a flat edged net against the river bed
   4.disturb the marked area with a stick or tool for two min
3. Fill a white tray to a 2 cm depth with water from the stream remove the net and tip the catch onto the tray
4. Identify the species present in dichotomous key
5. Record the numbers of each species present
6. Return the organisms 1m upstream from the sample area
7. Repeat this for a total of 10 randomly generated coordinates
8. Calculate the value for the simpsons index

Question 9

higher the value higher the biodiversity

Answer 9

simpsons index

Question 10

Where is transect used

Answer 10

Where a correlation between abiotic and distribution of organisms exist

Question 11

Two types of transects

Answer 11

Line transect
Belt transect

Question 12

Line transect

Answer 12

Organisms that touch the transect line at regular intervals are recorded

Question 13

Belt transect

Answer 13

Quadrats are placed at regular intervals along the transect line allowing the density, % frequency or % area cover to be estimated

Question 14

Method of belt transfer

Answer 14

Place a 20m tape measure across a sample area to make transect line
Place a quadrat at regular intervals (every 5m) along the transect line — ensure bottom left hand corner of the quadrat touches the interval mark
Use a dichotomous key to identify species present in the quadrat record abundance of plant species by estimating density, % frequency or % area cover
Produce kite diagram of species distribution against distance along transect