Population models and pyramids

Question 1

2 types of Population density measures

Answer 1

• Arithmetic density : Population of a country/ total land area
• Physiological population density : Population of a country/ arable land

Question 2

What were the high and low values of arithmetic density and what was Canada?

Answer 2

Low= Greenland 0 people per km2 ; High= Macao 18,942 people per km2
Canada = low 3 people per km2

Question 3

Why is the arithmetic population density misleading?

Answer 3

Accounts for all land even uninhabitable areas.

Question 4

What were the high and low values of physiological population density and what was Canada?

Answer 4

Low= autralia 40/km2 ; high= Singapore 392384/km2
Canada= 67/km2 still pretty low

Question 5

World population density distribution: 3 major areas

Answer 5

East Asia (25%) South Asia and Europe

Question 6

Why is Egypt an extreme example of physiological population density?

Answer 6

Egypt 98% live on just 3% land

- the Nile (arable land)

Question 7

CBR

Answer 7

Crude Birth Rate: number of live births a year per thousand people

Question 8

TFR

Answer 8

Total Fertility Rate: is the average number of births per woman of childbearing years (15-49)

Question 9

CDR

Answer 9

Crude Death Rate: number of deaths a year per thousand people

Question 10

Child mortality rate

reasons

Answer 10

Those that die within the first 5 years of life (includes infant mortality)
Malnutrition, poor sanitation, little prenatal care

Question 11

Demographic Transition Model based on:

Answer 11

based on Western Europe’s experience of change in population growth (and decline) as a result of industrialization

Question 12

Demographic Transition Model 5 stages:

Answer 12

1. High birth rates and death rates.
2. Death rates fall (due to sanitation, better food supply, medical innovation), producing a net population gain.
3. Birth rates start to fall due to urbanisation, education of women, etc.
4. Birth and death rates convergence at a low overall level. A stable population may be reached
5. Countries may experience stage 5 where birth rates are lower than death rates; population is declining

Question 13

calculation used to find the total population change of a country

Answer 13

total population change of a country = crude birth rate+immigration - crude death rate+emigration

Question 14

typical poor country population pyramid

Answer 14

fat bottom; tapers quickly (roughly a triangle shape)

Question 15

typical wealthy country population pyramid

Answer 15

events and bottom with a bulge in the middle

Question 16

sudden dent in male side of pyramid means

Answer 16

war

Question 17

sudden increase in both sides or pyramid means

Answer 17

baby boom or immigration

Question 18

Thomas Malthus vs Esther Boserup

Answer 18

Malthus: adding acreage and crops incrementally by year, whereas population grew exponentially, compounding on the year before> carrying capacity of land is reached and country becomes overpopulated
Boserup: societies have the capacity to invent their way out of trouble due to their human capital

Question 19

Name one example of where a government policy has attempted to increase fertility rates.

Answer 19

• Canadian government introduced a “baby bonus” following World War II.
• Quebec introduced an Allowance for Newborn Children and $5/day childcare
• National day of conception in Russia (2005)

Question 20

What is the difference between hierarchical and contagious diffusion?

Answer 20

Contagious: person to person distance controlled spreading of an idea
Hierarchal: idea passes first among most connected people or places

Question 21

Who gets missed in population pyramids?

Answer 21

• census mistakes e.g. not capturing demographic data for indigenous populations can lead to underfunding of programs to serve those populations.
• Subpopulations with a different pyramid from the majority population
• gender assumptions