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Bio Unit 4 > Population Growth and Interactions > Flashcards

Population Growth and Interactions Flashcards

1
Q

Population Density

A

The number of individual organism (N) in a given area (A) or Volume (V)

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2
Q

What is the population density equation

A

D(p) = N/A or N/V

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3
Q

What are the different parts of the density population equation

A

D(p) - population Density
N - number of individuals
A - area
V - volume

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4
Q

What are the 3 theoretical patterns of distribution for populations

A
  1. Uniform
  2. Random
  3. Clumped
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5
Q

What is uniform distribution

A

Individuals are evenly spaced through out the habitat, usually an artificial environment such as orchads or with territorial animals

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6
Q

What is random population distribution

A

No discernable pattern of distribution, resources are abundant and individuals do not compete with each other or clump together for survival

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7
Q

What is clumped population distribution

A

Resources occur in specific areas of the habitat and individuals congregated and compete for these resources

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8
Q

What are the 4 factors that can change the size of a population

A
  1. Births (Natality)
  2. Deaths (Morality)
  3. Immigration
  4. Emmigration
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9
Q

What is the equation for change in population size

A

△N = (b+i) - (d+e)

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10
Q

What are the 2 population categories to exist

A

Open and closed

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11
Q

What is an open category and what are the equations

A

All 4 factors are functioning
(△N = (b+i) - (d+e))

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12
Q

What is a closed category and the equation

A

Only natality and morality
(△N = b - d)

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13
Q

Rate of population growth

A

The speed at which a population change occurs

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14
Q

What is the rate of population growth equation

A

gr =△N/△t

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15
Q

What is a population explosion

A

A sudden increase in a population

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16
Q

Population Crash

A

A sudden decrease in a population

17
Q

Per Capita Growth Rate

A

Used to compare population of the same species that begin with different numbers

18
Q

What is the per capita growth rate equation

A

cgr = △N/N or (N(final)-N)/N

19
Q

What are biotic factors that affect population growth

A

Predation, competition and disease

20
Q

What are abiotic affects of population growth

A

Temperature, floods, amount of water available

21
Q

What is biotic potential (R(max))

A

Fastest possible rate of population growth under ideal conditions

22
Q

What is biotic potential affected by

A
  • Number of offspring per reproductive cycle
  • Capacity for survival of the offspring
  • The age at which reproduction occurs
  • The number of times per year the organism reproduces
23
Q

Exponential Growth

A

Atypical in natural populations due to limiting factors

24
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The theoretical maximum population size that the environment can sustain over an extended period of time

25
Q

Is density dependant biotic or abiotic and what are examples

A

Biotic - food, waste production, predators, disease and parasites

26
Q

Is density independant biotic or abiotic and what are examples

A

Abiotic - weather, fire, geography

27
Q

Environmental Resistance

A

The sum of limiting factors of biotic potention

28
Q

What does environmental resistance prevent

A

A population from growing at its biotic potention

29
Q

What does environmental resistance determine

A

The carrying capacity of the habitat

30
Q

What are the 4 phases of a closed population growth curve

A
  1. Lag Phase
  2. Growth Phase
  3. Stationary Phase
  4. Death Phase
31
Q

When would an open population have an s-shaped or j-shaped graph

A

S-shaped is when the graph reaches its plateau phase, the population has reached its carrying capacity (K) because of environmental resistance. J-shaped is when the population quickly exceeds its carrying capacity and then has a mass death in the population.

32
Q

What are K-selected populations

A

Slow population growth at a normal exponential rate until carrying capacity is reached

33
Q

What type of individuals like in K-selected populations

A

Large, produce slow growing yound that require extended parental care and have a high age of reproductive maturity

34
Q

What are r-selected populations

A

Rapid population growth overshooting carrying capacity the rapid population decrease

35
Q

What type of individuals are found in an r-selected population

A

Small in size, grow rapidly, require little parental care and have a low age of reproductive maturity

Bio Unit 4 (4 decks)

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