Hardy Weinberg Principle Flashcards
(21 cards)
Population
Same species, living in the same place at the same time
Allele
Alternative form of a gene
Gene Pool
Sum of all the alleles in a population. The more variety there is in a population’s gene pool, the better that population can survive in a changing environment
Phenotypic Frequency
Proportion of members of a population with a particular phenotype
Genotypic Frequency
Proportion of members of a population with a particular genotype
Allele Frequency
Rate of occurance of a particular allele in a population
What is the simple Hardy Weinberg equation
p + q = 1
What is the frequency of the dominant allele
P
What is the frequency of the recessive allele
q
The more “complex” hardy weinberg equation
p^2 +pq+q^2
What is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype
p^2
What is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype
2pq
What is the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype
q^2
What are the five conditions of the hardy weinberg principle
- A large breeding population
- Random mating
- No change in allelic frequency due to mutations
- No immigration or emmigration
- No natural selection
Why does there need to be a large population
A small population can result in a gene disappearing or increasing in frequency by chance
Why do you need random mating
In non-random mating certain genotypes are more likely to leave offspring
Why does there need to be no migration
There has to be gene flow. Migration of an allele can occur in or out of the population
Why does there need to be no mutation
There is no net mutation
Why should there be no natural selection against certain phenotypes
Certain genes are favoured for survival
Genetic Equilibrium
If HW values remain constant generation after generation, the population is said to be in genetic equilibrium
Microevolution
If there is a gradual change in the HW values, it is referred to as microevolution
