Population Growth Flashcards
1
Q
Name the 2 things that affect the population size of the world
A
- birth rate
* death rate
2
Q
What is natural increase?
A
When the birth rate is higher than the death rate so the population is increasing
3
Q
What is natural decrease?
A
When the death rate is higher than the birth rate so more people are dying so the population decreases
4
Q
Why can population growth be faster in some countries?
A
Because different countries have different birth and death rates
5
Q
Which countries have a faster growing population?
A
Countries in stage 2 of the dtm, because their birth rate is still high whilst their death rate is decreasing
6
Q
Describe: •birth rate •death rate •population growth rate •population size •example countries For stage 1 of the DTM
A
- birth rate: high and fluctuating
- death rate: high and fluctuating
- population growth rate: zero
- population size: low and steady
- example countries: no countries, some tribes in Brazil
7
Q
Describe: •birth rate •death rate •population growth rate •population size •example countries For stage 2 of the DTM
A
- birth rate: high and steady
- death rate: rapidly falling
- population growth rate: very high
- population size: rapidly increasing
- example countries: Gambia
8
Q
Describe: •birth rate •death rate •population growth rate •population size •example countries For stage 3 of the DTM
A
- birth rate: rapidly falling
- death rate: slowly falling
- population growth rate: high
- population size: increasing
- example countries: Egypt
9
Q
Describe: •birth rate •death rate •population growth rate •population size •example countries For stage 4 of the DTM
A
- birth rate: low and fluctuating
- death rate: low and fluctuating
- population growth rate: zero
- population size: high and steady
- example countries: UK, USA
10
Q
Describe: •birth rate •death rate •population growth rate •population size •example countries For stage 5 of the DTM
A
- birth rate: slowly falling
- death rate: low and steady
- population growth rate: negative
- population size: slowly falling
- example countries: Japan
11
Q
Name a country in stage 2 of the DTM
A
Gambia
12
Q
Name a country in stage 3 of the dtm
A
Egypt
13
Q
Name a country in stage 4 of the dtm
A
USA
14
Q
Name a country in stage 5 of the dtm
A
Japan
15
Q
Describe the birth rate in stage 1 of the dtm
A
High and fluctuating
16
Q
Describe the birth rate in stage 2 of the dtm
A
High and steady
17
Q
Describe the birth rate in stage 3 of the dtm
A
Rapidly falling
18
Q
Describe the birth rate in stage 4 of the dtm
A
Low and fluctuating
19
Q
Describe the birth rate in stage 5 of the dtm
A
Slowly falling
20
Q
Describe the death rate in stage 1 of the dtm
A
High and fluctuating
21
Q
Describe the death rate in stage 2 of the dtm
A
Rapidly falling
22
Q
Describe the death rate in stage 3 of the dtm
A
Slowly falling
23
Q
Describe the death rate in stage 4 of the dtm
A
Low and fluctuating
24
Q
Describe the death rate in stage 5 of the dtm
A
Low and steady
25
Describe the population growth rate in stage 1 of the dtm
Zero
26
Describe the population growth rate in stage 2 of the dtm
Very high
27
Describe the population growth rate in stage 3 of the dtm
High
28
Describe the population growth rate in stage 4 of the dtm
Zero
29
Describe the population growth rate in stage 5 of the dtm
Negative
30
Describe the population size in stage 1 of the dtm
Low and steady
31
Describe the population size in stage 2 of the dtm
Rapidly increasing
32
Describe the population size in stage 3 of the dtm
Increasing
33
Describe the population size in stage 4 of the dtm
High and steady
34
Describe the population size in stage 5 of the dtm
Slowly falling
35
What does dtm mean?
Demographic transition model
36
What is population growth linked to?
How developed a country is
37
Describe the relationships with how developed a country is and its birth and death rates
The more developed a country is, the lower the death rates and birth rates
38
Why does death rate decrease as a country develops?
As a country develops, it gets better healthcare, so the death rate drops. Also, they get better access to food and clean water so they don't die of poverty
39
What does a higher population pyramid mean?
The age that people are dying is older, so life expectancy is higher
40
What can a pyramid show you about the genders in a country?
Whether there are the same amount of men and women of an age, you can see the gender inbalance
41
What does it mean if a population pyramid has a wide bottom?
It has a very large birth rate
42
How can you compare the birth rate and if it's increasing?
If the bottom bar is wider than the bars above it then the birth rate is increasing. Also more children are dying before they reach the next age on the pyramid
43
What can we tell if the bottom bar isn't as wide as the bars above it?
Then the birth rate is decreasing
44
Why do some population pyramids have bulges?
If there was a baby boom or if there was mass migration
45
Why do some population pyramids have dips?
If people moved out of the country or were killed in a war
46
How can we use population pyramids to work out the dependency ratio of an area?
(number of people aged 0-15 + number of people aged 65+) / number of people aged 16-64
47
Name 2 places where we can find population data?
* censuses
| * birth certificates
48
Describe the features of a stage 1 population pyramid
* not very tall
* wide base
* bottom bar is the widest
* decreasing upwards at a decreasing rate
49
Explain a stage 1 population pyramid
* birth rate is high due to no contraception and high infant mortality rates
* death rate is high due to poor healthcare or poverty
* population growth rate is zero
* life expectancy is low so population is mostly made up of young people
50
Describe the features of a stage 2 population pyramid
* decreasing upwards at a steady rate
* not very tall but taller than stage 1
* wide bottom
* wider Middle
51
Explain a stage 2 population pyramid
* birth rate is high as there's no contraception and need lots of kids as they work on farms
* death rate falls due to improved healthcare and better diet
* population growth rate is very high
* life expectancy has increased, but still more young people than older people
52
Describe the features of a stage 3 population pyramid
* less wide bottom
* taller
* more evenly spread out
53
Explain a stage 3 population pyramid
* birth rate is falling rapidly as there is contraception and more women work
* economy has changed to secondary employment so there's less need for children to work on farms
54
What is happening to the rate that the world population is increasing?
The rate is increasing
55
What happens to the death rate and the rate that population increases when a country develops?
The death rate decreases and the population growth rate increases
56
Why is birth rate high in stage 1 of the DTM?
* there's no contraception
| * many infants die so they have lots
57
Why is death rate so high in stage 1 of the DTM?
Poor healthcare and famine
58
Why is population growth rate zero in countries in stage 1 of the DTM?
The birth and death rates balance each other out
59
Describe and explain the population structure of a country in stage 1 of the DTM
Population is made up of mainly young people because life expectancy is low as so few people reach old age
60
Describe the features of a stage 4 population pyramid
* none of the bars are extremely wide
* all very similar sized bars until about 70
* the bars are getting smaller as you go down
61
Explain the features of a stage 4 population pyramid
* birth rate is decreasing as people's wealth is improving so they don't need more children
* death rate is decreasing whilst the life expectancy is increasing as more people are living to old age as healthcare has improved
* population growth is zero as the birth and death rates balance out
62
Describe the features of a stage 5 population pyramid
* narrow bottom
* wide middle
* increasing top
* generally quite narrow
63
Explain the features of a stage 5 population pyramid
* birth rate is decreasing
* death rate is very low
* negative population growth
* ageing population
64
Why is birth rate high in stage 2 countries in the DTM?
* no contraception
| * people use their children to work on their farms
65
Why is the death rate falling in stage 2 of the DTM?
Improved healthcare and diet
66
Why is population growth rate very high in stage 2 of the DTM?
The birth rate is still high where's the death rate is falling
67
Which stage has the highest population growth rate?
Stage 2
68
Describe and explain the population structure of countries in stage 2 of the DTM
Still more younger people than older people even though life expectancy has increased
69
Why is birth rate falling in stage 3 of the DTM?
* women have a more equal place in society and get better education
* more contraception available
* more women work instead of having kids
* changed to manufacturing (secondary sector of industry) so no children needed for farming
70
Why does death rate fall in stage 3 of the DTM?
More medical advances
71
Why is population growth rate still quite high in stage 3 of the DTM?
The birth rate is decreasing but is still higher than the death rate
72
Describe and explain the population structure of a country in stage 3 of the DTM
More people are living to be older
73
Why is the birth rate low in stage 4 of the DTM?
Peoples wealth increases and they want more possessions, so there's less money for children
74
Why is the death rate low in stage 4 of the DTM
Healthcare has improved massively so people have a higher chance of surviving illnesses
75
Why is population growth zero in stage 4 of the DTM?
The low birth and death rate balance out
76
Describe and explain the population structure of stage 4 of the DTM
Even more people are living to be older so life expectancy is high
77
Why is the birth rate slowly falling in stage 5 of the DTM?
•less money available due to elderly dependant relatives due to ageing population due to higher life expectancy due to lower death rate
78
Why is population growth negative in stage 5 of the DTM?
More people are dying than being born
79
Describe and explain the population structure of a stage 5 DTM population pyramid
More older people than young people
