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GCSE Geography - Population and Settlement > Population Growth > Flashcards

Population Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 things that affect the population size of the world

A
  • birth rate

* death rate

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2
Q

What is natural increase?

A

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate so the population is increasing

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3
Q

What is natural decrease?

A

When the death rate is higher than the birth rate so more people are dying so the population decreases

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4
Q

Why can population growth be faster in some countries?

A

Because different countries have different birth and death rates

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5
Q

Which countries have a faster growing population?

A

Countries in stage 2 of the dtm, because their birth rate is still high whilst their death rate is decreasing

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6
Q 
Describe:
•birth rate 
•death rate 
•population growth rate 
•population size 
•example countries 
For stage 1 of the DTM
A
  • birth rate: high and fluctuating
  • death rate: high and fluctuating
  • population growth rate: zero
  • population size: low and steady
  • example countries: no countries, some tribes in Brazil
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7
Q 
Describe:
•birth rate 
•death rate 
•population growth rate 
•population size 
•example countries 
For stage 2 of the DTM
A
  • birth rate: high and steady
  • death rate: rapidly falling
  • population growth rate: very high
  • population size: rapidly increasing
  • example countries: Gambia
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8
Q 
Describe:
•birth rate 
•death rate 
•population growth rate 
•population size 
•example countries 
For stage 3 of the DTM
A
  • birth rate: rapidly falling
  • death rate: slowly falling
  • population growth rate: high
  • population size: increasing
  • example countries: Egypt
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9
Q 
Describe:
•birth rate 
•death rate 
•population growth rate 
•population size 
•example countries 
For stage 4 of the DTM
A
  • birth rate: low and fluctuating
  • death rate: low and fluctuating
  • population growth rate: zero
  • population size: high and steady
  • example countries: UK, USA
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10
Q 
Describe:
•birth rate 
•death rate 
•population growth rate 
•population size 
•example countries 
For stage 5 of the DTM
A
  • birth rate: slowly falling
  • death rate: low and steady
  • population growth rate: negative
  • population size: slowly falling
  • example countries: Japan
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11
Q

Name a country in stage 2 of the DTM

A

Gambia

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12
Q

Name a country in stage 3 of the dtm

A

Egypt

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13
Q

Name a country in stage 4 of the dtm

A

USA

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14
Q

Name a country in stage 5 of the dtm

A

Japan

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15
Q

Describe the birth rate in stage 1 of the dtm

A

High and fluctuating

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16
Q

Describe the birth rate in stage 2 of the dtm

A

High and steady

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17
Q

Describe the birth rate in stage 3 of the dtm

A

Rapidly falling

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18
Q

Describe the birth rate in stage 4 of the dtm

A

Low and fluctuating

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19
Q

Describe the birth rate in stage 5 of the dtm

A

Slowly falling

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20
Q

Describe the death rate in stage 1 of the dtm

A

High and fluctuating

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21
Q

Describe the death rate in stage 2 of the dtm

A

Rapidly falling

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22
Q

Describe the death rate in stage 3 of the dtm

A

Slowly falling

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23
Q

Describe the death rate in stage 4 of the dtm

A

Low and fluctuating

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24
Q

Describe the death rate in stage 5 of the dtm

A

Low and steady

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25
Q

Describe the population growth rate in stage 1 of the dtm

A

Zero

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26
Q

Describe the population growth rate in stage 2 of the dtm

A

Very high

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27
Q

Describe the population growth rate in stage 3 of the dtm

A

High

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28
Q

Describe the population growth rate in stage 4 of the dtm

A

Zero

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29
Q

Describe the population growth rate in stage 5 of the dtm

A

Negative

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30
Q

Describe the population size in stage 1 of the dtm

A

Low and steady

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31
Q

Describe the population size in stage 2 of the dtm

A

Rapidly increasing

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32
Q

Describe the population size in stage 3 of the dtm

A

Increasing

33
Q

Describe the population size in stage 4 of the dtm

A

High and steady

34
Q

Describe the population size in stage 5 of the dtm

A

Slowly falling

35
Q

What does dtm mean?

A

Demographic transition model

36
Q

What is population growth linked to?

A

How developed a country is

37
Q

Describe the relationships with how developed a country is and its birth and death rates

A

The more developed a country is, the lower the death rates and birth rates

38
Q

Why does death rate decrease as a country develops?

A

As a country develops, it gets better healthcare, so the death rate drops. Also, they get better access to food and clean water so they don’t die of poverty

39
Q

What does a higher population pyramid mean?

A

The age that people are dying is older, so life expectancy is higher

40
Q

What can a pyramid show you about the genders in a country?

A

Whether there are the same amount of men and women of an age, you can see the gender inbalance

41
Q

What does it mean if a population pyramid has a wide bottom?

A

It has a very large birth rate

42
Q

How can you compare the birth rate and if it’s increasing?

A

If the bottom bar is wider than the bars above it then the birth rate is increasing. Also more children are dying before they reach the next age on the pyramid

43
Q

What can we tell if the bottom bar isn’t as wide as the bars above it?

A

Then the birth rate is decreasing

44
Q

Why do some population pyramids have bulges?

A

If there was a baby boom or if there was mass migration

45
Q

Why do some population pyramids have dips?

A

If people moved out of the country or were killed in a war

46
Q

How can we use population pyramids to work out the dependency ratio of an area?

A

(number of people aged 0-15 + number of people aged 65+) / number of people aged 16-64

47
Q

Name 2 places where we can find population data?

A
  • censuses

* birth certificates

48
Q

Describe the features of a stage 1 population pyramid

A
  • not very tall
  • wide base
  • bottom bar is the widest
  • decreasing upwards at a decreasing rate
49
Q

Explain a stage 1 population pyramid

A
  • birth rate is high due to no contraception and high infant mortality rates
  • death rate is high due to poor healthcare or poverty
  • population growth rate is zero
  • life expectancy is low so population is mostly made up of young people
50
Q

Describe the features of a stage 2 population pyramid

A
  • decreasing upwards at a steady rate
  • not very tall but taller than stage 1
  • wide bottom
  • wider Middle
51
Q

Explain a stage 2 population pyramid

A
  • birth rate is high as there’s no contraception and need lots of kids as they work on farms
  • death rate falls due to improved healthcare and better diet
  • population growth rate is very high
  • life expectancy has increased, but still more young people than older people
52
Q

Describe the features of a stage 3 population pyramid

A
  • less wide bottom
  • taller
  • more evenly spread out
53
Q

Explain a stage 3 population pyramid

A
  • birth rate is falling rapidly as there is contraception and more women work
  • economy has changed to secondary employment so there’s less need for children to work on farms
54
Q

What is happening to the rate that the world population is increasing?

A

The rate is increasing

55
Q

What happens to the death rate and the rate that population increases when a country develops?

A

The death rate decreases and the population growth rate increases

56
Q

Why is birth rate high in stage 1 of the DTM?

A
  • there’s no contraception

* many infants die so they have lots

57
Q

Why is death rate so high in stage 1 of the DTM?

A

Poor healthcare and famine

58
Q

Why is population growth rate zero in countries in stage 1 of the DTM?

A

The birth and death rates balance each other out

59
Q

Describe and explain the population structure of a country in stage 1 of the DTM

A

Population is made up of mainly young people because life expectancy is low as so few people reach old age

60
Q

Describe the features of a stage 4 population pyramid

A
  • none of the bars are extremely wide
  • all very similar sized bars until about 70
  • the bars are getting smaller as you go down
61
Q

Explain the features of a stage 4 population pyramid

A
  • birth rate is decreasing as people’s wealth is improving so they don’t need more children
  • death rate is decreasing whilst the life expectancy is increasing as more people are living to old age as healthcare has improved
  • population growth is zero as the birth and death rates balance out
62
Q

Describe the features of a stage 5 population pyramid

A
  • narrow bottom
  • wide middle
  • increasing top
  • generally quite narrow
63
Q

Explain the features of a stage 5 population pyramid

A
  • birth rate is decreasing
  • death rate is very low
  • negative population growth
  • ageing population
64
Q

Why is birth rate high in stage 2 countries in the DTM?

A
  • no contraception

* people use their children to work on their farms

65
Q

Why is the death rate falling in stage 2 of the DTM?

A

Improved healthcare and diet

66
Q

Why is population growth rate very high in stage 2 of the DTM?

A

The birth rate is still high where’s the death rate is falling

67
Q

Which stage has the highest population growth rate?

68
Q

Describe and explain the population structure of countries in stage 2 of the DTM

A

Still more younger people than older people even though life expectancy has increased

69
Q

Why is birth rate falling in stage 3 of the DTM?

A
  • women have a more equal place in society and get better education
  • more contraception available
  • more women work instead of having kids
  • changed to manufacturing (secondary sector of industry) so no children needed for farming
70
Q

Why does death rate fall in stage 3 of the DTM?

A

More medical advances

71
Q

Why is population growth rate still quite high in stage 3 of the DTM?

A

The birth rate is decreasing but is still higher than the death rate

72
Q

Describe and explain the population structure of a country in stage 3 of the DTM

A

More people are living to be older

73
Q

Why is the birth rate low in stage 4 of the DTM?

A

Peoples wealth increases and they want more possessions, so there’s less money for children

74
Q

Why is the death rate low in stage 4 of the DTM

A

Healthcare has improved massively so people have a higher chance of surviving illnesses

75
Q

Why is population growth zero in stage 4 of the DTM?

A

The low birth and death rate balance out

76
Q

Describe and explain the population structure of stage 4 of the DTM

A

Even more people are living to be older so life expectancy is high

77
Q

Why is the birth rate slowly falling in stage 5 of the DTM?

A

•less money available due to elderly dependant relatives due to ageing population due to higher life expectancy due to lower death rate

78
Q

Why is population growth negative in stage 5 of the DTM?

A

More people are dying than being born

79
Q

Describe and explain the population structure of a stage 5 DTM population pyramid

A

More older people than young people

GCSE Geography - Population and Settlement (5 decks)

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