Population Geography

Question 1

List Factor That Link To Population Change

Answer 1

Economic development
Education
The environment
The status of women
Epidemics and other health threats
Access to family planning information and services

Question 2

What Two Factors Control Population Growth?

Answer 2

Natural increase (number of births- number of deaths)
Net migration (immigration-emigration)

Question 3

Define Population Growth Rate

Answer 3

The percentage by which a population changes in one year due to natural increase and net migration

Question 4

What Is The Population Growth Rate (PGR) Formula?

Answer 4

Population Increase/Population at beginning of period x 100 = PGR

Question 5

Define Fertility Rates

Answer 5

The average number of children born to a woman of child bearing age

Question 6

Why Are Fertility Rates Important?

Answer 6

Give an insight into the future demographic trends and predict the population growth

Question 7

Give ONE Case Study For A Solutions To Contol Population Growth

Answer 7

China’s One Child Policy
- Keep its booming population in check by implimenting a one child policy
- Lead to severe imbalances in Chinese society

• Worst side effect of the policy is the missing women
• Male children are prefered in Chinese society female children are oftern killed, aborted or given up for adoption in an effort to try again for a boy
• 4,2,1 issue
• Chinese society stesses children are to take care of ageing relatives
• One child policy means a single child is left responsible for both parents and all four grandparents
• Creates tremendous strain with no siblings to help

Question 8

Define Mortality Rates

Answer 8

A measure of the deaths per 1000 people in a given year

Question 9

Define Infant Mortality Rates

Answer 9

The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.

Question 10

What Is The Use Of Infant Mortality Rates?

Answer 10

Used as an indicator of the level of health in a country

Question 11

List Factor Effecting Mortality

Answer 11

Nutritional standards
Standards of personal hygiene and effluent disposal
Access to safe drinking water and the incidence of infectious
diseases
Access to medical and public health technology, including
immunisation, antibiotics, and insecticides

Question 12

Give A Case Study For The Effects Of Low Fertility Rates

Answer 12

South Korea

• Reasons for decline include:
  Economic slowdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic
  Booming housing market and cost of houses
  Marrying later in life and on average are waiting longer to have children
• Impact of low fertility rates:
  Population decline (In 2021, the population fell by about 57,300 from the previous year)
  An ageing population (youth population of Korea dropped from 14 million to 10.2 million)
  Decline in labour forces will slow down the economic growth
  Military personnel will reduce by nearly half over the next two decades
• Solutions:
  Government Intervention
  Started providing a monthly allowance of 300,000 won ($250) to parents who have a newborn until the child reaches the age of 1
  Have failed to raise the fertility rates or population growth rates in South Korea

Question 13

List Individual Influences On Fertility Rates

Answer 13

Age, relationship status, parity, education and inclome, gender role attitudes, ethnicity, religion, family size of origin

Question 14

List Direct Policies Impliment To Lift Fertility Rates

Answer 14

Cash Transfers (baby bonus), tex benifits, specific subsidies (e.g. housing), elihibility rules for welfare

Question 15

List Indirect Direct Policies Impliment To Lift Fertility Rates

Answer 15

Childcare
- Avaliablity
- Cost
- Quality

Perental Leave
- Duration
- Replacement wage

Question 16

What Is A Demographic Transition Model (DMT)?

Answer 16

A chart based on the historical trends of birth rates and death rates

Question 17

How Many Stages Are In A Demographic Transition Model

Answer 17

5

Question 18

List The Stages In A Demographic Transition Model

Answer 18

1. High fluctuating
2. Early expanding
3. Late expanding
4. Low fluctuating
5. Declining

Question 19

Give Characteristics Of Stage 1 In A Demographic Transition Model

Answer 19

Birth and death rate fluxuate at high levels, results in low population growth rates

Question 20

Give Characteristics Of Stage 2 In A Demographic Transition Model

Answer 20

Birth rates remain hight while death rates rapidly fall, result is a rapidly growing population

Question 21

Give Characteristics Of Stage 3 In A Demographic Transition Model

Answer 21

Birth rate fall rapidly and death rate fall but at a slower rate, result is a slowly increaing population

Question 22

Give Characteristics Of Stage 4 In A Demographic Transition Model

Answer 22

Birth and death rates remain low, fluctuating slightly to give a steady population

Question 23

Give Characteristics Of Stage 5 In A Demographic Transition Model

Answer 23

Birth rates fall below death rates, to give a declining population

Question 24

What Are The Two Main Types Of Population Movement?

Answer 24

Internation migration (between countries)
Internal migration (within a country)

Question 25

List Types Of International Movement

Answer 25

Resettelment, forced movement, contract

Question 26

List Types Of Internal Movement

Answer 26

Seasonal movement, rural-urban, counter-urbanisation, gentrification, suburbanization

Question 27

Define Resettlement Migration

Answer 27

Make a conscious choice to migrate and settle permanently in the hope they will achieve a better quality of life for themselves and their families elsewhere

Question 28

Define Contract Migrations

Answer 28

Usually undertaken for a specified period of time and relate to contracted employment

Question 29

Define Forced Migrations

Answer 29

Used to describe the movement of refugees and internally displaced people

Question 30

Define Refugee

Answer 30

a person who cannot return to their country of origin without risking serious harm because
of a well-grounded fear of persecution based on their race, religion, nationality, or political views

Question 31

Define Internally Displaced Person

Answer 31

People who have been displaced from their homes but do not cross international borders

Question 32

Explain ONE Refugee Case Study

Answer 32

Ukraine Refugee Crisis
- Escalation of conflict in Ukraine has caused civilian casualties and destruction of civilian infrastructure
- Forcing people to flee their homes seeking safety, protection and assistance
- 5.8 million refugee arrivals from Ukrain

Question 33

Explain Rural-Urban Migrations

Answer 33

Populations drift towards large cities from rural areas

Question 34

Define Rural-Urban Migration

Answer 34

The shift of the population from rural to urban areas

Question 35

Define Urbanisation

Answer 35

The proportion of a population living in major urban towns and cities as a result of rural-urban migration

Question 36

Explain Counter-Urbanisation

Answer 36

People are choosing to leave larger cities and urban centers to move into smaller communities

Question 37

List Reasons For Counter-Urbanisation

Answer 37

Quality of life
The ability to work remotely
Improvement in transport – allows for commute
Retired people seeking lifestyle change

Question 38

Explain Seasonal Movement

Answer 38

Movement or migration that is determined by seasons
Often occurs for work or tourism purposes

Question 39

Define Gentrification

Answer 39

The process whereby rundown inner-urban homes are purchased and refurbished by young middle-income and high-income earners

Question 40

Define Urban Consolidation

Answer 40

The process that increases population densities in older inner-city areas where the existing infrastructure is under-utilised

Question 41

Explain Suburbanisation

Answer 41

People move from inner-urban areas to the expanding suburbs at the city’s outskirts