Population Geography

Question 1

What is population geography?

Answer 1

Population geography focuses on the number, structure, and distribution of human beings on the Earth’s surface.

Question 2

What is the changing nature of population?

Answer 2

The global population is continuing to rapidly increase.
The less developed world have a greater proportion of the global population because of higher fertility rates, lack of resources, facilities, education re: family planning, religious beliefs and working (income)

Question 3

What is the changing rate of population?

Answer 3

Population rates are increasing globally

Question 4

What are examples of events that influence the rate of population?

Answer 4

The industrial revolution, COVID, natural disasters, world wars, improvements to medicine, healthcare etc

Question 5

What is the distribution of population?

Answer 5

Population distribution refers to the concept of how global populations are spread, investigations reveal that the distribution of the world’s population is not even.
-Variations in birth and death rates.

Question 6

How is the global population distributed?

Answer 6

The global population is distributed unevenly, with LEDCs having higher populations (Asia and Africa)

Question 7

What are some statistics and figures regarding population distribution?

Answer 7

China holds 18.47% of the world’s population, India has 17.7%

Question 8

What is fertility rates?

Answer 8

No. of births during a specific period (usually per 1000 people in a population per year).

Question 9

What are mortality rates?

Answer 9

No. of deaths during a specific period (usually per 1000 people in a population per year).

Question 10

What is the rate of natural increase?

Answer 10

Rate of natural increase = difference between birth rate and death rate.

Question 11

Where are the highest birth rates found?

Answer 11

Africa and SW Asia

Question 12

What are factors affecting fertility rates?

Answer 12

Increase-Assisted reproductive technologies, such as
IVF, Improvements in medical research around
fertility
Decrease-Greater access to and understanding of
contraception, legalisation of abortion, increased higher education levels for women, equal opportunity, urbanisation

Question 13

What is the state of fertility in Niger?

Answer 13

High extreme poverty levels, civil unrest, violence, low urbanisation, lack of education for women and access to contraception- 6.91 fertility rate

Question 14

What is the state of fertility in Australia?

Answer 14

High development + standards of living, healthcare, education and family planning, high urbanisation rates (86.12%) - fertility rate of 1.74

Question 15

What factors decrease mortality rates?

Answer 15

Improved medical knowledge and understanding, greater access to improved technology, increased education, safe drinking water

Question 16

What factors increase mortality rates?

Answer 16

Infection and illness, sanitation and poor hygiene, violence and conflict, infant mortality, poor healthcare access, disease (Covid), isolation and rural communities

Question 17

Sierra Leon’s mortality rates

Answer 17

Worldwide MR = 8.

Africa MR = 9 (Sierra Leone = 13).

Question 18

What is an internal population movement?

Answer 18

Happens within a country (rural-urban, counter urbanisation, gentrification, seasonal movements)

Question 19

What is an international population movement?

Answer 19

Happens across borders and countries (refugee migration, contract migration, resettlement)

Question 20

What are push factors?

Answer 20

Reasons pushing someone out of an area (poor education, healthcare, living conditions, lack of resources and opportunities, social isolation, environmental issues, lack of employment)

Question 21

What are pull factors?

Answer 21

Pulling someone into an area (educational opportunities, family and friends, healthcare, escaping conflict and natural disasters, employment)

Question 22

What are the environmental impacts of population movement?

Answer 22

Increasing amounts of sewage and other waste

Water shortages, deforestation/land clearing, CO2 emissions

Question 23

What are the economic impacts of population movement?

Answer 23

Price increase for high-demand products
‘Brain drain’ in rural areas as skilled workers migrate
Aging population puts an economic strain on those who are working

Question 24

What are the social impacts of population movement?

Answer 24

Resentment from working age group regarding the need to fund health costs of seniors
Benefits of availability of grandparents as assistant carers for children
Role modelling and skills development and mentoring by older retired workers
Social, ethnic and political tensions increase, sometimes conflict between countries, due to shortages in resources
Antisocial behaviour, mental illness,homicide

Question 25

Example of environmental impacts of population movements and growth

Answer 25

Cronulla- increase in population, consequenting in houses being built right onto the coastline and Cronulla sandunes, resulting in coastal erosion and degradation of the dunes

Question 26

Example of social impacts of population movements and growth

Answer 26

Manhattan- has a crime rate of 8.571 per 1000, comparitive to Stanten Island with a crime rate of 0.2662 per 1000. (strain on resources, density and political tensions)

Question 27

Examples of economic population movements and growth

Answer 27

South Africa wealth divide- drought caused high prices on produce and staple foods whilst the upper class of South Africa was able to access these resources with ease, maintaining their status and wealth.