Population Genetics

Question 1

Microevolution

Answer 1

evolutionary change within a lineage
Occurs continuously.
Can transform a lineage dramatically over time.

Question 2

Stasis

Answer 2

when a lineage seems to appear the same over time

Question 3

Macroevolution

Answer 3

above the species level.
Origin and extinction of lineages.
Can happen gradually or slowly.

Question 4

Are micro and macro evolution essential to evolution?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

Who developed a workable model of speciation and extinction?

Answer 5

Ernst Mayr.

Question 6

Do individual evolve?

Answer 6

No, populations and species evolve.

Question 7

Genotype of an individual is…

Answer 7

fixed at birth.

Question 8

Population is the smallest unit where …. is possible.

Answer 8

evolutionary change

Question 9

Population genetics

Answer 9

refers to the study of evolution via the observation and modeling of allele frequencies and genetic change in populations of organisms.

Question 10

Three parameters of population genetics:

Answer 10

allele frequency, genotype frequency, and phenotype frequency.

Question 11

Phenotype Frequencies

Answer 11

Count the number of individuals with that phenotype, and divide by the total number of population.

Question 12

Genotype Frequencies

Answer 12

total number of individuals in the population with that genotype and divide by the population size, N.
F(AA)= #(AA)/N

Question 13

Allele Frequencies

Answer 13

add the total number of homozygotes for that allele to half the heterozygotes and divide by the population size, N.
p = ((AA)+(1/2)(#Aa))/N
q = ((#aa) + (1/2)(#Aa))/N

Question 14

Microevolutionary change is … in the …

Answer 14

inherent … change in the frequencies of alleles over time.

Question 15

To know if evolution is occurring, what do we need to do?

Answer 15

We need to know what we would expect if evolution is NOT occurring.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.

Question 16

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 16

The situation in which no evolution is occurring.

Genetic equilbrium.

Question 17

Assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 17

Infinite Population Size.
There is no allele flow.
There is no mutation.
There is random mating. 
No selection.

Question 18

Probability of getting AA

Answer 18

p^2

Question 19

Probability of getting aa

Answer 19

q^2

Question 20

Probability of getting Aa

Answer 20

2pq