Population genetics #13

Question 1

population genetics

Answer 1

is the study of genetic variation in a pop. with implications for pop. evolution

Question 2

what are the 2 approaches for studying pop.

Answer 2

~descriptive approach

~statistical approach

Question 3

a pop is characterized by a - and their associated -

Answer 3

a pool of genes

phenotype

Question 4

how to calculate the phenotypic frequency

Answer 4

of individuals with a specific phenotype / total # of people

Question 5

how to calculate genotypic frequency

Answer 5

of individuals with a specific genotype / total # of people

Question 6

how to calculate allelic frequency

Answer 6

of alleles of a certain type / total #of alleles

Question 7

genotypic frequencies are

Answer 7

p^2, 2pq, q^2

Question 8

Hardy weinburg works if

Answer 8

~pop size is infinite
~no immigration or emigration
~random mating
~no mutation
~no selection

Question 9

x^2 calculates what?

Answer 9

the probability distribution of variables whose sum is not independent from each other, if the P value <0.05 there is a violation of the rules

Question 10

genetic drift

Answer 10

random changes in the frequency of alleles in a gene pool, affects smaller pop. more

Question 11

founder effect

Answer 11

when few individuals from a pop. start a new pop.

Question 12

bottle necks can result from

Answer 12

catastrophic events

Question 13

selection

Answer 13

is the preferential survival of individuals with certain genotypes by means of natural factors

Question 14

what 3 things are needed for natural selection to happen

Answer 14

~variation among individuals
~number of offspring are different
~variation must be genetically inherited

Question 15

what 4 diseases are advantages to be heterozygous of?

Answer 15

sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis (against TB and diarrhea), triosephosphate isomerase deficiency (against oxidative stress), diffuse presence of the HLA-DRB1 allele(against HCV infection progression to end stage liver disease)