Population ecology

Question 1

Populations

Answer 1

A group of individuals from the same species inhabiting a specific place at a specific time

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

A group of populations whose individuals have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offsrping

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

A genetic makeup of an organism (genetics)

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

The physical and physiological traits of an organisms (how genotypes show up)

Question 5

Phenotype plasticity

Answer 5

Variation among individuals in form and function as a result of environmental. Incluences

Question 6

Heritability

Answer 6

Proportion of total phenotype variation in a. Trait (for example body size) that is die to genetic variance

Question 7

Hardy Weinberg assumptions

Answer 7

1- mating is random
2-populations of infinite size, no genetic drift either
2-no migration
4-no mutations
5-no selection, all genotypes have the same fitness

Question 8

evolution

Answer 8

Changes in gene frequencies in populations over time

Question 9

Agents of evolution

Answer 9

1-genetic drift
2-gene flow
3mutations
4-natural selection

Question 10

genetic drift

Answer 10

Stochastic, random shifts in allele frequencies (more likely in small populations)

Question 12

mutations

Answer 12

(Rare) changes in organisms DNA

Question 13

gene flow

Answer 13

Loss of gain of alleles via emigrations or immmigration, tends to reduce differences between populations

Question 14

Natural selection

Answer 14

Differential survival and reproductions among phenotypes

Question 15

stabilizing selection

Answer 15

-acts against extreme phenotypes and this favors the average
-reducers ariatio, does not change mean

Question 16

directional selection

Answer 16

-favors an extreme phenotype over others
-usually a result of anviromental change or migration

Question 17

disruptive selection

Answer 17

-favors 2 or more extreme phenotypes

Question 18

distributions

Answer 18

Size, shape and location occupide

Question 19

density

Answer 19

Number of individuals per unit areaa

Question 20

abundance

Answer 20

Number of individuals in a specific area

Question 21

niche

Answer 21

N-dimensional hypervolume, where n is the number of environmental factors important to the survival and reproctiona of a species

Question 22

fundamental niche

Answer 22

Physical condition sunder which a species might live in the absence of interactions with other species (Where something “CAN” survive)

Question 23

** realized niche**

Answer 23

Restricted nick limited by biotic interactions such as competition and predation(where something DOES live, within the fundamental niche)

Question 24

cohort

Answer 24

Group born during the same time period

Question 25

Estimating patters of survival

Answer 25

1- keep records from birth to death (following organism is from the biggening) 2- record age at death from large number of individuals 3- age distribution of individuals. In populations (census, recording age of everyone at one time)

Question 26

Dispersal

Answer 26

1- the movement of individuals from birth sire to breeeding site (classic definition) 2-other devs? The one-way mvmt? Two-way mvmt? For food?

Question 27

Modes of dispersal

Answer 27

Active: organisms move without assistance Passive: organisms need assistance to move (wind-dandilions, animals-foxtails, gravity- apples, water-snails)