Population Dynamics Flashcards
Why is population growth in Niger so high?
90% of Niger’s population relies on agriculture for a living meaning people need children to work on the farm
They do not have accessibility to protection so it is easier to fall pregnant
They are not taught about the risks of sex
What is subsistence farming?
A means of supporting life by being able to meet ones own basic needs for food, water and shelter
What is nomadic herding?
People, usually farmers, who move from place to place seasonally to find good land or pasture
What are sedentary farmers?
Farmers who are settled in one particular place
What is an ageing population?
Life expectancy is the number of years that a person in a particular country is expected to live. It has increased due to improvements in health, hygiene and health care, the development of new drugs and vaccinations, a better quality diet and advances in medical knowledge and techniques
What are the positive consequences of an ageing population for MEDC’s?
The construction industry gain money from having to build more homes for the elderly
Businesses gain more money as the elderly have time on their hands during the day
More meals on wheels = more jobs
What are the negative consequences of an ageing population for MEDC’s?
There is a strain on the NHS to cater for the elderly
The taxes will increase for the working population to pay for pensions and NHS for the elderly
Services for the younger generation may be lost due to the need to provide for ageing population
When and why was China’s one child policy introduced?
After 1949 China was experiencing a population explosion or ‘baby boom’. After 1958’s and 1961’s droughts and floods, causing 2 million Chinese deaths, the Chinese leader encouraged people to have as many children as possible which created a second ‘baby boom’. China’s birth rate went to 5.8 children per couple. This is known as the ‘replacement level’. Then in the 1970’s the Chinese government again wanted families to have fewer children. In 1979, it introduced its ‘one child policy’
What were the benefits for a family who only had one child and therefore followed the policy?
Better housing Better childcare Better chances of promotion for government employees Longer maternity leave Cash bonuses
What were the penalties imposed for those who chose not to follow the one child policy?
Government employees sacked
Basic rice allowance withdrawn for all extra children
Government employees retirement pensions cancelled
Extra children denied the same quality of education and health care as the first child
Fines imposed
Farmers who couldn’t pay fines in cash had cattle taken from them
Why was the pro-natalist policy introduced in France?
France felt their fertility rates were too low. They were concerned about: the socioeconomic implications of population ageing
The decrease in the supply of labour
The long-term prospect of population decline
What is overpopulation?
When there are too many people in an area relative to the resources and the level of technology available
What is underpopulation?
When there are too few people in an area to use the resources available effectively
Give facts about zinder
85% of zinder’s population are subsistence farmers or rely on agriculture for their living
Deforestation occurs as most people live in rural areas and rely on wood for fuel
20% of children under 5 are severely malnourished
Infant mortality levels in zinder are 82.8/1000 per year
Less than 45% of the population have access to clean water
Less than 10% have adequate sanitation leading to 20% of deaths in children, due to water bourn disease
33% of children attend primary school
What is population density?
The number of people per square km. It is measured by dividing population/area
Give facts about Australia
It has a population of 20 million
Underpopulation has caused a shortage of workers, less people paying tax and less innovation and development
