Development

Question 1

What is development?

Answer 1

The use of resources to improve the quality of life in a country

Question 2

When does development occur in a low income country?

Answer 2

Local food supply improves due to investment in farm machinery and fertilisers
The electricity grid extends outwards from the main urban areas to rural areas
Levels of literacy improve throughout the country

Question 3

What is gross national product?

Answer 3

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year plus income earned by the country’s residents from foreign investments minus income earned within the domestic economy by overseas residents.

Question 4

Why do countries use gross national product per capita?

Answer 4

Because it takes into account the different populations of countries. This is found by dividing the total GNP of a country by the total population. Per capita figures allow for better comparisons between countries when their total populations are very different.

Question 5

What do adult literacy rates measure?

Answer 5

How many adults can read and write in a certain area or nation

Question 6

Why is improving female literacy rate important to development in an LEDC?

Answer 6

This would mean that it would be easier for females to get employed, earn money and therefore live a nicer life.

Question 7

Why is life expectancy an important measure of development?

Answer 7

It shows people have access to healthcare when they become ill. This means that people can live for longer and therefore earn money to provide for their family.

Question 8

What is infant mortality rate?

Answer 8

The number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births. It is an important measure of development as, if a country’s infant mortality rate is high, it indicates it is a less developed country as people do not have access to healthcare or the money to get better.

Question 9

Name three continents in the ‘richer north’

Answer 9

Norway, Australia and Canada

Question 10

Name three continents in the ‘poorer south’

Answer 10

Burundi, Niger and sierra Leon

Question 11

What is an indicator of development?

Answer 11

A measure or statistic that tells us how developed a country is.

Question 12

What is gross national product per capita?

Answer 12

The total values of goods and services produced by the country in a year, plus income earned by the country’s residents from foreign investments and minus income earned within the domestic economy by overseas residents.

Question 13

What is purchasing power parity (PPP)?

Answer 13

Income data that has been adjusted to take account of differences in the cost of living between countries

Question 14

What is a development gap?

Answer 14

The difference in wealth and other indicators between the world’s richest and poorest countries

Question 15

What is the human development index (HDI)?

Answer 15

The United Nations measure of disparities between countries using life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling for adults aged 25 years, expected years of schooling for children of school entering age and GNP per capita.

Question 16

What does it mean by a least developed country (LDC)?

Answer 16

The poorest of the developing countries. They have major economic, institutional and human resource problems.

Question 17

What is a newly industrialised country (NIC)?

Answer 17

Nations that have undergone rapid and successful industrialisation since the 1960s

Question 18

What is adult literacy rate?

Answer 18

The % of people that can read and write

Question 19

What is life expectancy?

Answer 19

The average age a person is expected to live

Question 20

What is the Gini coefficient?

Answer 20

The Gini coefficient is a technique frequently used to show the extent of income inequality. It allows analysis of changes in income inequality over time in individual countries and comparison between countries.

Question 21

What is the economic core?

Answer 21

The area of a region where economic growth takes place

Question 22

What is the periphery?

Answer 22

The outlying areas of the region that may be disadvantaged by the growth of the economic core. This area could start to gain from the economic core (regional economic divergence/convergence)

Question 23

What factors affect inequality within a country?

Answer 23

Residence
Ethnicity and employment
Education
Land ownership

Question 24

What is the primary sector?

Answer 24

Exploits raw materials from land, water and air

Question 25

What is the secondary sector?

Answer 25

Manufactured primary materials into finished products. Secondary products are classed either as consumer goods or capital goods.

Question 26

What is the tertiary sector?

Answer 26

Provides services to businesses and to people

Question 27

What is the quaternary sector?

Answer 27

Uses high technology to provide information and expertise. Research and development is an important part of this sector.

Question 28

Examples of jobs in the primary sector

Answer 28

Farming, fishing, forestry, mining, quarrying

Question 29

Examples of jobs in the secondary sector

Answer 29

The production of processed food, furniture, motor vehicles

Question 30

Examples of jobs in the tertiary sector

Answer 30

Retail employees, drivers, architects, teachers, nurses

Question 31

Examples of jobs in the quaternary sector

Answer 31

Aerospace engineers, research scientists, computer scientists, biotechnology workers

Question 32

Where is the economic core region in Brazil?

Answer 32

South east Brazil

Question 33

What is outsourcing?

Answer 33

This is the business practice of hiring a company (overseas) to perform services that were once done in - house by the company’s own staff. Usually done as a cost - cutting measure.

Question 34

What is globalisation?

Answer 34

Globalisation is the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence in the world, economically, culturally and politically. Most political borders are not the obstacles that they once were and as a result goods, capital, labour and ideas flow more freely across them than ever before.

Question 35

Why has globalisation occurred?

Answer 35

Improvements in international transport
Development of technology
The growth of TNCs
Reduced labour costs
Removal of trade barriers

Question 36

What are TNCs?

Answer 36

A transnational corporation (TNC) is a firm that owns or controls productive operations in more than one country through foreign direct investment (FDI). TNCs can exploit raw materials, produce goods such as cars and oil, and provide services such as banking.