Population Dynamics Flashcards
Describe the changes in population over the past thousands of years and for the future
In 1750 there were below a billion people on earth, in 1930 there were 2 billion. But with development came 2016 and now there are over 7 billion on the earth. Scientists predict that by 2050 there will be up to 10 billion people, which will put a huge strain on resources
Define natural increase, death rate, birth rate and fertility rate
Natural increase is the difference between birth and death rate. If say 20 per 1000 people were born and 10 per 1000 died, the natural increase would rise by 2%
Death rate is the number of people per 1000 that die a year, birth rate is the same but with people being born
Fertility rate is the number of children a mother has in her lifetime
What is the demographic transition model?
It is a graph showing how changing birth and death rates affect a countries overall population
Describe the stages of the DTM and why it could’ve happened
Stage one (no country) : High birth rate to compensate for high infant mortality and lack of contraception. High death rate due to poor healthcare and disease.
Stage two (Nigeria) : Improvement in health care means that death rate is falling yet birth rate remains high.
Stage three (Egypt) : Introduction of contraception means that birth rate falls. More women go to work and less children are needed for farming so birth rate falls. Along with death rate.
Stage Four (UK) : Birth rate and death are balanced so population is high yet stable
Stage Five (Japan) : birth rate is so low there are more deaths than births, declining population
Describe the population pyramid for Nigeria
Wide base, a youthful population, as they grow older there could be a large economic boost, as they will have a lot working, for the country. The wide base also indicates that many are born yet there is high infant mortality so many die. This means mothers have to compensate for this loss. Very little numbers past 60, low life expectancy.
Describe the population pyramid for Japan
Small base as there is less need for compensating as infant mortality is low. Contraception available. High numbers past 60. Ageing population. less available to work and pay taxes.
Name the three main factors that affect population structure
Economic growth
Migration
Conflict
Name 4 challenges an ageing population faces
Healthcare costs and demand rises
Nursing homes
Higher taxes as there are less young people
Shortage of workers
Name 4 reasons why governments try to control their population
Pressure on resources
Overcrowding
Ageing population
Skills shortage
Describe China’s anti-natalist policy
After increasing birth rate was encouraged from 1950-1960 it grow very high. New political leaders thought it was a bad idea for population growth. One-child policy was started.
Name 3 impacts of the one child policy
Has now fallen below the replacement level
This has meant there is a hugely ageing population
The preference for boys has meant that girls have been aborted or killed and now for every 120 boys there are just 100 girls
Describe Singapore’s pro-natalist policy
Having used to being an anti-natalist country, Singapore’s replacement level fell below two and the same risks were imposed as in China now. So the government now encourage early marriage and more children. They even set up speed dating events to increase their resource of people.
Name 3 advantages to pro-natalist approach
More children:
Decrease the taxes
Better housing
Easier access to schools
Name 3 reasons a country might want to reduce immigration
Unpopularity
Immigrants take valuable jobs and housing
Culture ruined
Name 3 reasons a country might want to increase immigration
Replenish skills shortage
Help stop the ageing population
Will do all the unwanted jobs
