population & development Flashcards
Demographic equation
Demographic equation
R=(b-d)+(I-e)
R: rate of popn increase
B: crude birth (cbr; live births/1000)
D: crude death rate (CDR; deaths/1000)
I: immigration
E: emigration
four stages of demographic transition
1 High stationary
2 early expanding
3 late expanding
4 low stationary & slowly declining
What is the population replacement rate?
2.1
Does immigration offset natural population increases?
No. Immigration flows are very small comparatively
How are fertility rates decreased?
-Later, longer, fewer
-coercive vs voluntary approaches
-endogenous development process (ex education)
is most of the global population in glob. N/S?
S by a long shot
What are the migration pathways?
N-N, N-S, S-S, S-N, majority S-N
is international migration increasing?
Yes
What is the most prominent migration corridor (picture map with flows)
Central Americal to USA, then Asia to USA
What is the direction of remittance corridors
N->S
Economic consequences of migration?
Employment in key sectors
taxes & revenue
brain drain/brain gain
well-being
remittances
Main drivers of N-S migration?
-Economic opportunity
-Expansion of global companies
-Return migration
-Student migration
-Retirement migration
Development:
1. What happens to agriculture when GDP/capita rises?
What happens to industry & services when GDP/capita rises?
Ag falls
services rise
What does Kuznet’s curve describe?
Inequality increases during development until a point, then declines
(GDP vs Gini)
What is dependency theory?
Resources flow from poor to rich countries
