Population Change Knowledge Flashcards
How is birth rate measured
Number of babies born per 1000 per year
The more economically developed a county the … The birth rate
Lower
How is death rate measure
Number of deaths per 1000 per year
Death rates are …. In poor countries to what the are in rich countries
Similar
What is the world average death rate
9-10/1000
What is natural increase
The difference between birth rate and death rate in a country
The worlds population is growing…
Exponentially
What is stage one of the dtm called
High fluctuating
Give the likely BR and DR of a country in stage one of the dtm
Over 30/1000
Why are birth rates high in stage one of the dtm
High infant mortality rate so people have more children to hope one survives
Children needed to work their parents land
Religion
Lack of access to birth control
Why are death rates high on stage one of the dtm
Famine
Bad hygiene
Diseases
Fewer hospitals
What is stage two of the dtm called
Early expanding
What happens to the BR in stage two (early expanding)
It remains high
How do the DR and BR act in stage two
They fluctuate
What happens to death rates in stage two (early expanding)
They fall rapidly to prehaps 20/1000
Why do the death rates decrease in stage two if the dtm
More food
IMR decreases
Medical care
Improved sanitation
What is stage three of the dtm called
Late expanding
What happens to birth rates in stage three of the dtm
They decrease rapidly
What happens to death rates in the late expanding stage (stage three)
Continue to fall but at slower rate eg 15/1000
Does the population grow in stage three of the dtm
Yes but slower
Why do birth rates fall in stage 3 (late expanding)
Lower IMR
Industrialisation
Family planning
What is stage four if the dtm called
Low fluctuating
Why do birth rates fluctuate in stage four (low fluctuating)
Fashions (different numbers of children fashionable)
Different natalist policies
What is stage five of the dtm called
Decline
….. Rates rise causing ….. In stage five if the dtm
Death
natural decrease
Why do death rates rise in the stage 5
Ageing population
Prehaps poor lifestyle (less active more fatty foods)
How does agricultural change decrease population growth
Better tools means less people required to work the land
How does industrialisation effect population growth
At first increase it more people needed for factories then decreases it as more technology becomes available to do the work for them
What three factors effect population growth
Industrialisation
Urbanisation
Women’s rights
Why do the rights of women effect population growth
As women get better rights they become more likely to be career driven. This leaves less time for maternity leave etc
Describe a population pyramid for an ledc / stage one of dtm
IMR is high so is concave
Wide base high birth rate
Narrow peak low life expectancy
Jagged sections unsteady birth rate
Describe the population pyramid for a rich country stage four dtm
Higher And less narrow apex
Consistent sides consistent birth rate
Convex low IMR
Narrow base = low birth rate
Describe the population pyramid of stage two country
Higher apex life expectancy rises
Wider sides
Sides still get narrower high ish IMR
Wide base high birth rate
Describe the population pyramid for a stage 3 country
Narrowing base decrease in birth rate
Straight sides low IMR
Wider at top higher life expectancy
Describe the population pyramid for a stage 5 country
Very narrow base low Birth rate
Widens as it gets bigger
Very high life expectancy
Very low IMR
What is a sustainable population
Where the growth of the country doesn’t have an impact in the future generations
What are the economical problems of a rapidly growing population
Unemployment
Informal sector jobs
Debts
Poor living standards
What are the social problems of a rapid growth in population
Over crowding
Poor services
Rise in crime
Political problems
Unstable governments
Racial tension
What are the political problems of rapid population growth
Unstable governments
Racial tension
What are the environmental problems of rapid population growth
Overgrazing
Pollution
Deforestation
Traffic congestion
Name as many factors as you can that effect birth rates
Family planning Education Later marriage City migration Better health care Employment prospects Women in the workforce
Where would you find an ageing population
Stages four or five
What leads to an ageing population
Low birth rates
Medical care improvements
What are the elderly know as
The elderly dependants
How do you work out the dependancy ratio
Dependants/independents x 100
The …. The dependants Per …. The …. The country is
Fewer
Independant
Wealthier
Name as many push factors as possible
Unemployment Safety Services Poverty Crop faliure Drought War Isolation Natural disasters
Name as many pull factors as possible
Employment Safety Better services Wealth Food supplies Fertile land Political security Family and friends. Less risk of natural disasters
Define an asylum seeker
A illegal immigrant who claims there home country is to dangerous to return so they are seeking asylum (safety)
What are the positive impacts of migration on the country of origin
Send money back
Less strain on services
May return better trained
What are the negatives of migration
Loss of workers (often skilled workers)
Splits up families
What are the positives of migration to the host country
Migrants bring skills Pay tax Take unwanted jobs Transfer knowledge Cultural exchange
What are the negatives of international migration in the host nation
Strain on resources
May cause racial tensions
