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Human Geography > Population Change Knowledge > Flashcards

Population Change Knowledge Flashcards

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1
Q

How is birth rate measured

A

Number of babies born per 1000 per year

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2
Q

The more economically developed a county the … The birth rate

A

Lower

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3
Q

How is death rate measure

A

Number of deaths per 1000 per year

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4
Q

Death rates are …. In poor countries to what the are in rich countries

A

Similar

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5
Q

What is the world average death rate

A

9-10/1000

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6
Q

What is natural increase

A

The difference between birth rate and death rate in a country

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7
Q

The worlds population is growing…

A

Exponentially

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8
Q

What is stage one of the dtm called

A

High fluctuating

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9
Q

Give the likely BR and DR of a country in stage one of the dtm

A

Over 30/1000

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10
Q

Why are birth rates high in stage one of the dtm

A

High infant mortality rate so people have more children to hope one survives
Children needed to work their parents land
Religion
Lack of access to birth control

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11
Q

Why are death rates high on stage one of the dtm

A

Famine
Bad hygiene
Diseases
Fewer hospitals

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12
Q

What is stage two of the dtm called

A

Early expanding

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13
Q

What happens to the BR in stage two (early expanding)

A

It remains high

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14
Q

How do the DR and BR act in stage two

A

They fluctuate

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15
Q

What happens to death rates in stage two (early expanding)

A

They fall rapidly to prehaps 20/1000

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16
Q

Why do the death rates decrease in stage two if the dtm

A

More food
IMR decreases
Medical care
Improved sanitation

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17
Q

What is stage three of the dtm called

A

Late expanding

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18
Q

What happens to birth rates in stage three of the dtm

A

They decrease rapidly

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19
Q

What happens to death rates in the late expanding stage (stage three)

A

Continue to fall but at slower rate eg 15/1000

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20
Q

Does the population grow in stage three of the dtm

A

Yes but slower

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21
Q

Why do birth rates fall in stage 3 (late expanding)

A

Lower IMR
Industrialisation
Family planning

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22
Q

What is stage four if the dtm called

A

Low fluctuating

23
Q

Why do birth rates fluctuate in stage four (low fluctuating)

A

Fashions (different numbers of children fashionable)

Different natalist policies

24
Q

What is stage five of the dtm called

A

Decline

25
Q

….. Rates rise causing ….. In stage five if the dtm

A

Death

natural decrease

26
Q

Why do death rates rise in the stage 5

A

Ageing population

Prehaps poor lifestyle (less active more fatty foods)

27
Q

How does agricultural change decrease population growth

A

Better tools means less people required to work the land

28
Q

How does industrialisation effect population growth

A

At first increase it more people needed for factories then decreases it as more technology becomes available to do the work for them

29
Q

What three factors effect population growth

A

Industrialisation
Urbanisation
Women’s rights

30
Q

Why do the rights of women effect population growth

A

As women get better rights they become more likely to be career driven. This leaves less time for maternity leave etc

31
Q

Describe a population pyramid for an ledc / stage one of dtm

A

IMR is high so is concave
Wide base high birth rate
Narrow peak low life expectancy
Jagged sections unsteady birth rate

32
Q

Describe the population pyramid for a rich country stage four dtm

A

Higher And less narrow apex
Consistent sides consistent birth rate
Convex low IMR
Narrow base = low birth rate

33
Q

Describe the population pyramid of stage two country

A

Higher apex life expectancy rises
Wider sides
Sides still get narrower high ish IMR
Wide base high birth rate

34
Q

Describe the population pyramid for a stage 3 country

A

Narrowing base decrease in birth rate
Straight sides low IMR
Wider at top higher life expectancy

35
Q

Describe the population pyramid for a stage 5 country

A

Very narrow base low Birth rate
Widens as it gets bigger
Very high life expectancy
Very low IMR

36
Q

What is a sustainable population

A

Where the growth of the country doesn’t have an impact in the future generations

37
Q

What are the economical problems of a rapidly growing population

A

Unemployment
Informal sector jobs
Debts
Poor living standards

38
Q

What are the social problems of a rapid growth in population

A

Over crowding
Poor services
Rise in crime

39
Q

Political problems

A

Unstable governments

Racial tension

40
Q

What are the political problems of rapid population growth

A

Unstable governments

Racial tension

41
Q

What are the environmental problems of rapid population growth

A

Overgrazing
Pollution
Deforestation
Traffic congestion

42
Q

Name as many factors as you can that effect birth rates

A 
Family planning 
Education 
Later marriage 
City migration 
Better health care 
Employment prospects 
Women in the workforce
43
Q

Where would you find an ageing population

A

Stages four or five

44
Q

What leads to an ageing population

A

Low birth rates

Medical care improvements

45
Q

What are the elderly know as

A

The elderly dependants

46
Q

How do you work out the dependancy ratio

A

Dependants/independents x 100

47
Q

The …. The dependants Per …. The …. The country is

A

Fewer
Independant
Wealthier

48
Q

Name as many push factors as possible

A 
Unemployment 
Safety 
Services 
Poverty 
Crop faliure 
Drought 
War 
Isolation 
Natural disasters
49
Q

Name as many pull factors as possible

A 
Employment 
Safety 
Better services 
Wealth 
Food supplies 
Fertile land 
Political security 
Family and friends. 
Less risk of natural disasters
50
Q

Define an asylum seeker

A

A illegal immigrant who claims there home country is to dangerous to return so they are seeking asylum (safety)

51
Q

What are the positive impacts of migration on the country of origin

A

Send money back
Less strain on services
May return better trained

52
Q

What are the negatives of migration

A

Loss of workers (often skilled workers)

Splits up families

53
Q

What are the positives of migration to the host country

A 
Migrants bring skills
Pay tax
Take unwanted jobs 
Transfer knowledge 
Cultural exchange
54
Q

What are the negatives of international migration in the host nation

A

Strain on resources

May cause racial tensions

Human Geography (17 decks)

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