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Geography > Population change > Flashcards

Population change Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you work out population density?

A

area

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2
Q

What has happened to the population of the world since 1804?

A
  • 1804: 1 billion
  • 1804 - 1922: 2 billion (steady increase)
  • 1922 - 2013: the population increased rapidly to 7 billion around 2011 with a rate of population growth of 15 years per billion and 12 years per billion around the 5 - 7 billion marker
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3
Q

In 1804 the population was 1 billion. How long did it take to reach 2 billion?

A

118 years from 1804 to 1922

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4
Q

When was the rate of population growth at its highest?

A

During 1974 to 1987 and 1999 to 2011 - population growth rate was 12 years per billion

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5
Q

What is happening to global population growth now? (UK)

A
  • in the UK, birth rates have increased since 2000 which has caused the population to surge past 60 million
  • however, the population growth rate is beginning to decrease from 12 - 14 years so it will slow down
  • expect a peak globally of over 9 billion
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6
Q

What does zero population growth mean?

A

when natural change and migration change cancel each other out, and there is no change in the total population

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7
Q

When do people say a zero population growth may occur?

A

some say as early as 2020s but more likely to be around 2060s

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8
Q

What do forecasters expect the peak global population to be?

A

around 9 billion

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9
Q

Why are population predictions difficult to make?

A

there are often surprise changes e.g. population growth in LICs decreased to lower than expected in 1990s and we don’t know about diseases, governmental laws and natural disaster etc

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10
Q

What does population distribution mean?

A

where people are located

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11
Q

What does population density mean? How is it measured normally?

A

the number of people per unit of area

i.e. per km2 or per hectare

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12
Q

What does densely populated mean?

A

there are a lot of people living in close proximity to each other per km2 e.g. India

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13
Q

What is an example of a densely populated country/place?

A

Asia and Europe

over 75 persons per km2 (in some places such as UK and India there are up to 300 persons per km2)

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14
Q

What are examples of sparsely populated countries/places?

A

Canada, Greenland, Russia, Australia and parts of Africa (with less than 10 persons per km2)

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15
Q

Is the UK densely or sparsely populated - why?

A

Densely

  • good economic situation (with job opportunities)
  • secure food/energy/water supply
  • democratic government
  • temperate climate
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16
Q

Describe the pattern of global population distribution?

A
  • areas of highest population distribution are around the borders of continents e.g. South America, Africa
  • areas of highest population distribution are Europe i.e. the UK and India and Japan
  • areas of lowest population distribution are areas very far north/south such as Canada, Greenland and Australia
17
Q

Describe the pattern of global population density?

A
  • areas of highest population density are Europe and parts of Asia where countries such as the UK and India have densities of over 300 persons per km2
  • areas of lowest population density are places such as Russia and Australia with less than 10 persons per km2
  • areas in the middle are parts of north and south America with around 25 -75 persons per km2
18
Q

What is birth rate?

A

the number of births in a country in a year per thousand population

19
Q

What is death rate?

A

the number of deaths in a country in a year per thousand population

20
Q

What is natural change?

A

birth rate - death rate

the change in size of a population caused by the relationship between birth and death rates

21
Q

What factors may cause changes to the rate of natural increase?

A
  • baby booms
  • disease (epidemics)
  • healthcare
  • sanitation/hygiene
  • war e.g. WWII
  • economy
  • access to resources e.g. food/water/raw materials
22
Q

What is migration?

A

the movement of people into and out of an area or country
immigrants = people coming in
emmigrants = people going out

23
Q

What is a country with a great population change and a country with a low population change?

A

Kuwait + 75.9%

Germany - 3.2%

24
Q

How has the population of the Uk changed between 1990 to 2000?

A

increased by 0 - 10% which is much less than that of the highest ranking countries

25
Q

What is the overall pattern of population change?

A
  • below the equator there is the largest population gain and to the north, the least
  • Africa has the most gaining countries whereas North America and Europe has the least gaining or even losing countries
26
Q

What are some of the reasons for a population decline? e.g. Germany

A

Low birth rate) due to…

  • not enough day care centres
  • workplace conditions don’t work for working mothers
  • traditional views of mother staying at home to look after children otherwise looked down on by society - not encouraging
  • smaller families with a higher standard of living etc

Ageing population - less people in workforce and more are older and retired (greater need for more births)

27
Q

What are some environmental factors affecting population?

A

Encourage:

  • coal fields
  • oil fields
  • selected alluvial lowland

Discourage:

  • desert
  • major fold mountain
  • rain forest
28
Q

CASE STUDY:

Describe and explain the population distribution of the UK

A

Describe)

  • most sparsely populated areas are Highlands/Islands of Scotland, uplands of North Ireland, Wales and the north of England
  • 2 areas of high population density: south-east England and the other to the north-west (main concentrations of urban population)

Explain)

  • key factor is historical
  • all cases of high population distribution except London coincide with coal fields which used to be main energy source for industry
  • despite deindustrialisation these areas still retain large populations making their living in the tertiary sector
29
Q

CASE STUDY continued:

Describe and explain the population distribution of China with reference to precipitation and relief

A

Relief:

  • eastern belt of high population densities roughly coincides with the main lowland areas which probably have the best soils too
  • high mountains (over 5000m) may explain low population densities elsewhere

Precipitation:

  • eastern belt coincides this time with highest rainfall (over 50cm per year) - the rest of the country with low population densities appears to be an area of low precipitation
  • given the high mountains, the precipitation is probably in the form of snow so population distribution in China is strongly influenced in a positive way by lower land and adequate rainfall, and in a negative way by mountains and drought

Population:
- concentrated in eastern half of the country (densities everywhere greater than 25 persons per km2 and in places exceeding 1000 persons)
- very sparsely populated belt to the west, where densities are less than 5 persons per km2
- north-west there is another belt where population densities are between 25 and 250 persons per km2
(other factors: coast for major ports at the centre of industry, attracting people e.g. Shanghai)

30
Q

What are natural factors influencing why someone may live in a particular place?

A
  • physical) relief (slopes), rivers, climate (precipitation, temperatures)
  • biological) soils, vegetation
31
Q

What are human factors influencing why someone may live in a particular place?

A
  • economic) minerals, energy, industry, services
  • social) type of community (urban or rural)
  • technological) ability to exploit resources
  • political) governments may try to change the distribution
32
Q

What are historical factors influencing why someone may live in a particular place?

A
  • the present distribution of population is something that has gradually evolved over many centuries
  • factors that are no longer significant may have had an impact that still lingers on in the present distribution e.g. defensive settlement built on hill, spring lines replaced by pipes
33
Q

What is carrying capacity?

A

The maximum number of people that can be supported by the resources and technology of a given area. So this particularly affects population density.
The greater the carrying capacity, the higher the population density will be

34
Q

What are the positive and negative factors affecting where someone can live?

A

Positive:

  • pleasant climate
  • good soils
  • job opportunities
  • good farming
  • water supply
  • flat land
  • raw materials

Negative:

  • very cold
  • steep slopes
  • dense forest
  • low land
  • very hot
  • few jobs
  • unreliable water supply
  • few raw materials

Geography (8 decks)

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