Population Change Flashcards
What are the reasons for global population distribution?
Climate - temperate crop growing climate
Soil - fertile areas near rivers, not mountainous
History of settlement resources - many resources make it more ideal
What are the reasons for changes to birth and death rates? (not universally applicable)
Social - people now live with sewage systems and water, woman receive education to control fertility, average age of marriage in HICs risen
Political - government incentives
Economic - In HICs children cost a lot, poverty struck areas have higher death rates
Medical - new treatments (cancer), more aware of unhealthy living, better access to health care, charities
What are the physical and human factors affecting population in China?
west of the country is sparsely populated, it is mountainous and cold so soil is infertile, also desert (gobi desert)
the east is densely populated as has good transport links and was next to river and coast so people would have settled there in the first place due to fertile floodplains (Yangtze)
What are the physical and human factors affecting population in the UK?
scotland is cold, wet and mountainous not ideal for growing crops
aberdeen has a high population due to oil in the north sea
south coast densely populated due to warmer weather
What are China’s population problems?
In 1979 a quarter of the worlds population lived in china with 66% under 30
government brought in one-child policy which gave incentives such as cash bonuses, free education, free medical care, preferential treatment over housin
What are Singapore’s population problems?
In the late 1980s, there was not enough workers, in 1987 singapore introduced a three-or-more policy which give incentives such as $3000 each for first two and $6000 for the third and fourth, father received paternity leave, mothers are allowed three months. There are disincentives such as not allowed to choose their school, do not receive financial packages offered by government, only allowed to buy a three-room flat
What are the consequences of a youthful and ageing population?
Health services - greater demand for midwives, greater need for care homes and specialist nursing
Education - greater demand (youthful), less money spent on education (ageing)
Pensions - less/more demand
Other - large workforce + children look after their parents in the future, elderly - more jobs available
Housing - elderly more housing
What are the advantages and disadvantages of an ageing population in Japan?
Health care - more people live in nursing homes, health insurance scheme reduced money going to hospitals if over 75s stayed for over 100 days
Pensions - retirement age will rise to 65 in 2030
Workforce - decreasing, staff on subway mainly pensioners
The good - the greying yen - retired spend more on luxuries leading to employment and economic growth.
Technology - gadgets to improve life of elderly
What are the characteristics of the demographic transition model?
death rate is similar to birth rate, death rate decreases and birth rate stays the same, both decrease, they start leveling off but birth rate later so population increase
