Population Change

Question 1

How do we get more people?

Answer 1

-reproduction
-fertility is the quality of being able to produce children through reproduction
fertility is an element of population growth/decline, reflecting both the causes and effects of economic and social developments

Question 2

What is Demography?

Answer 2

It is the study of population

Question 3

TFR

Answer 3

Total Fertility Rate: total number of children born to each woman if she were to live to the end of her child-bearing years and give birth to children in alignment with the prevailing age-specific fertility rates (OECD)

Question 4

RR

Answer 4

Replacement Rate (Replacement Fertility Rate) is the average number of children born per woman—at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration. Globally it is 2.1

Question 5

Life Expectancy

Answer 5

The average number of years that a person can be expected to live, usually from birth, assuming demographic factors remain unchanged.

Question 6

Birth Rate

Answer 6

-number of births in a population per year per 1000 people
- # of births/total pop x 1000

Question 7

Death Rate

Answer 7

-number of deaths in a population per year per 1000 people
- # of deaths/total pop x 1000

Question 8

Natural Inc/Dec Rate

Answer 8

Difference between BR and DR
Birth Rate – Death Rate

Question 9

Migration

Answer 9

-immigrant is used in reference to the country moved to
Immigration Rate - number of immigrants in a population per year per 1000 people

-emigrant is used in reference to the country moved from
Emigration Rate - number of emigrants in a population per year per 1000 people

Question 10

Net Migration Rate

Answer 10

Immigration Rate - Emigration Rate

Question 11

Population Change

Answer 11

Natural Inc/Dec Rate + Net Migration Rate

Question 12

Population Momentum

Answer 12

population continues to grow despite a fall in BRs. Due to high concentration of pre-childbearing children. As this population cohort moves through childbearing years, more children will be born than elderly dying… [natural increase]

Question 12

Population Projections/Doubling Time

Answer 12

Doubling Time - number of years needed for a population to double in size. It is found by dividing 70 (years) by the rate of natural increase.

Question 13

Population Structure

Answer 13

Population Structure refers to any measurable characteristic of a population, such as age, sex, ethnicity, language, religion and occupation of a population.

Question 14

Population Pyramids

Answer 14

Population Pyramids show the distribution of age and sex in a population

Question 14

Population Pyramid - Basics

Answer 14

-Wide base indicates high BR
-Narrowing base indicates decreasing BR
-Vertical (near) sides indicate low death rates
-Concave slope indicates high DR
-Bulge in slopes indicate immigration or baby boom
-Slices in slope indicate emigration or death rate (war, disease, hazard event)

Question 14

Population Pyramid - Dependents

Answer 14

-Shape of a population pyramid can tell us a lot about an area’s population
-A population pyramid gives us an indication of the number dependents and economically active
young dependents (aged below 15)
elderly dependents (aged 65+)
-Dependency Ratio: the ratio of working population and dependents
Old age dependency ratio: the ratio of those 65+/15-64
-Dependents rely upon the economically active for support
LICs have a high number of young dependents
HICs have a growing number of elderly dependents

Question 15

Population Pyramid - Change

Answer 15

-Triangular shape shows a population with a high number of young dependents, and high death rate for elderly dependents (low life expectancy)
-A population pyramid that has fairly straight sides (more like a barrel) shows a population with a falling birth rate and a rising life expectancy.
-Over time, as a country develops, the shape changes from triangular to barrel-like.
-Places with an ageing population and a very low birth rate would have a structure that looks like an upside-down pyramid.