Migration Flashcards
What is Migration?
the temporary or permanent movement of people from one place to another.
Migration involves a decision but sometimes that decision is “forced” and not voluntary.
Why do People Move?
- Better homes, schools, climate, job
What is Voluntary Migration?
Rural to Urban Migration - People are attracted to employment opportunities in cities
Urban to Rural Migration - Weary of city life and the high cost of living, people seek refuge in the tranquil countryside.
International Migration - People are motivated for various reasons to travel overseas and begin new lives.
Push & Pull Factors (examples)
Push Factor - a reason that deters people from living in their country of origin
Pull Factors - a reason that makes a country of destination attractive
Examples
War or Natural Disasters
Poor Environmental Conditions
Economic Problems
Religion
Cost
Economic and Educational Opportunities
Medical Care
Cost of Living
What is Forced Migration?
This term refers to the movements of refugees and internally displaced people (displaced by conflicts within their country of origin as well as people displaced by natural/environmental disasters, chemical/nuclear disasters, famine or development projects.
What is a Refugee?
A person residing outside their country of nationality, who is unable/unwilling to return due to fear of prosecution on account of race, nationality and political group.
Types of Forced Migration
Conflict-Induced Displacement occurs when people are forced to flee their homes as a result of armed conflict including civil war, generalized violence, and persecution on the grounds of nationality, race, religion, political opinion or social group.
Development-Induced Displacement occurs when people are compelled to move as a result of policies and projects implemented to advance ‘development’ efforts. Examples of this include large-scale infrastructure projects such as dams, roads, ports, airports; urban clearance initiatives; mining and deforestation; and the introduction of conservation parks/reserves and biosphere projects.
Disaster-Induced Displacement occurs when people are displaced as a result of natural disasters (floods, volcanoes, landslides, earthquakes), environmental change (deforestation, desertification, land degradation, global warming) and human-made disasters (industrial accidents, radioactivity).
