Population Bio Flashcards
Stabilizing selection
A type of natural selection in which an intermediate trait value produces the highest fitness.
What was the theory of Spontaneous Generation?
Life can appear from non-living material, such as cheese or cloth.
Gasoline and fuel are derived from petroleum which is refined from oil deposits found deep underground. The oil is created over the course of millions of years from organic material. How does this process work?
High temperatures and pressure deep underground slowly convert organic material into oil.
Nitrogen molecules can also be fixed naturally by nitrogen-fixing bacteria which use atmospheric nitrogen to make:
NH4+
Charles Darwin pioneered a school of thought which proposed that species arose through the process of:
Natural Selection
Taxonomic Order
DKPCOFGS
Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup
After a large forest fire, the first species that resettle in the area are fast-growing, opportunistic species, such as weeds, grasses, and small rodents. As the area ages, these are replaced by more competitive species, including trees and larger animals. This is an example of:
Ecology succession
Describe vegetation found in arctic tundra.
Shrubs, grass, and lichen.
Dinosaurs became extinct around 65 million years ago, after an extinction events during which scientists presume miltople asteroids impacted the earth. During which geological period did dinosaurs become extinct.
Cretaceous
What makes up the greatest percentage of the atmosphere?
Nitrogen
Why should foreign/exotic species not allowed to any country it’s not native to?
Exotic species can outcompete or consume native plants and animals.
Give an example of the founder effect.
A small group of birds migrates to a new island and start a colony there.
A boreal forest is a biome that is known for:
Widespread coniferous trees.
After urbanization, many areas close to wildlife and forestland, the presence of trash and food created by humans attracted raccoons and other scavengers to the city areas. This is an example of the formation of a new:
Ecology niche
Darwin conceived of the concept of evolution after his visit to the Galapagos Islands. In his journal, he wrote that the discovery of numerous species of finches, henceforth called Darwin’s Finches, helped him in his discovery. What was so unique about this group of birds?
The different species of finches he found exhibited characteristics that were evolved to suit their environment and feeding habits.
While traveling on his class field trip, Nick noted many trees with wide leaves, a wide variety of grasses and shrubs. He also found that the fall time temperature was around 70 Fahrenheit. The biome that his class was looking at is known as a:
Temperate deciduous forest.
A population of 980 seals decreased to only 28 seals after extensive hunting. After 20 years, the population had expanded back to 600 seals, but it was noted that most of the genetic variation in the population was gone. This is an example of:
The bottleneck effect.
Ferns, although plants, differ from most trees and flowers in that they:
Reproduce using spores, and produces no flowers.
An experiment was done in which 50 brown rabbits and 50 white rabbits were tagged and released into a snowy environment. After 5 years, scientists counted the number of remaining rabbits as well as their offspring and found that there were 23 brown rabbits and 480 white rabbits in the area. This is an example of:
Natural Selection
Which biome will you find ferns and many deciduous trees?
Rainforest.
Forest fire offers what kind of benefits to the local ecology?
Increased nutrients in the soil.
What are the greenhouse gases?
Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), Fluorinated Gases, and water vapors.
The Japanese oyster drill is a small snail that preys on oysters and other shellfish. After its introduction to North America, large numbers of oyster beds were exterminated. The oyster drill is an example of a:
Invasive species.
Non-native species that quickly takes over an environment
Small shrimp that live in the coral reef help fish clean off their teeth and mouth by eating the particles which accumulate in the area. This is an example of:
Mutualism
When both parties benefits
What is Commensalism?
Commensalism is a synergistic relationship where only one partner benefits but does not significantly harm the other.
Holes in the ozone layer were formed from the overproduction of what compound by humans?
Cholorofluorocarbons (CFC)
(Produced by the manufacture of plastics and cooling liquids react with ozone, which results in the depletion of the ozone layer. )
The grouping of a set of organisms together according to homology or shared characteristics is called:
A phylogeny
After a child is particularly misbehaved, many parents respond by spanking the child. Eventually, the child learns that misbehavior will be followed by spanking. This is an example of:
Operant Conditioning
(Operant condition operates on the principle that good behavior is rewarded by a good event, and bad behavior is rewarded by a punishing event. )
As humans shifted from hunter-gatherer tribes towards depending more on agriculture and domesticated animals, which of the following occurred?
Humans became more sedentary, and no longer traveled constantly.
What are symbiotic organisms?
Symbiotic organisms derive some benefit from each other, and won’t harm each other. The relationship is usually beneficial such that one or both of the organisms survives better compared to before the interaction.
Which of the following pairs of organisms have the closest evolutionary relationship? I. Bacillus thuringiensis II. Telmatobius peruvianus III. Bacillus cereus IV. Cereus peruvianus V. Mesoplodon peruvianus
I and IV
Bacillus (bacteria), Thuringiensis (species of bacteria that lives in soil), Telmatobius (frogs), Peruvianus (Peruvian torch cactus), Cereus (cacti), Mesoplodon (whales)
Which kinds of organisms are best adapted to habitats that are frequently subject to unpredictable and severe environmental fluctuations?
R-selected organisms (they emphasize high growth rates and produce many offspring, each of which has a relatively low probability of surviving to adulthood, ex. dandelions)
Deposits of coal in Greenland and the Antarctic indicate that:
These regions were once thickly vegetated.
(Coal formed millions of years ago when the earth was covered with huge swampy forests where plants - giant ferns, reeds, and mosses - grew.)
What is imprinting?
Imprinting refers to a critical period of time early in an animal’s life when it forms attachments and develops a concept of its own identity. Birds and mammals are born with a pre-programmed drive to imprint onto their mother.
Which of the following statements best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem?
(A) radiant energy is converted into chemical energy in plant photosynthesis and then released as heat energy during cellular respiration correct
(B) energy cycles within an ecosystem
(C) plants get energy from the nutrients in the soil
(D) the animals in an ecosystem absorb the radiant energy of the sun and use it to make organic molecules such as proteins
(E) some chemoautotrophic bacteria release energy that can then be used by soil animals to make food
(A) radiant energy is converted into chemical energy in plant photosynthesis and then released as heat energy during cellular respiration correct
Why are pictorial presentations of the biomass at each trophic level of an ecosystem is a pyramid?
Represents the amount of energy passed from one trophic level to the next
Excess sewage can lead to the death of aquatic animals in a lake because sewage pollution promotes.
Oxygen depletion
The forelimbs of horses and frogs are considered to be homologous structures. The best evidence for this homology is that the forelimbs have
a common embryological origin.
A katydid is an insect. Its leaf-like appearance is an example of
Cryptic coloration aka camouflage
Plants that live in the tundra are likely to have which adaptations?
Shallow root systems
Evidence that multicellular green plants may have evolved from green algae is best supported by the fact that in both
Chlorophylls a and b are photosynthetic pigments
Birds are most closely related to which class?
Reptiles
Members of which class produce milk for their young in specialized skin glands?
Mammals, with nipples.
Differentiate:
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Hemizygous
Homozygous: Same two alleles
Heterozygous: Different two alleles
Hemizygous: With one chromosome pair or chromosome segment rather than the usual two
Which of the following best describes the decomposers in an ecological community?
They are heterotrophic.
A population of mice in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium will exhibit which of the following conditions? (A) Random mating (B) Small population size (C) High mutation rate (D) Immigration (E) Sexual selection
(A) Random mating
A new organism is found with the following characteristics: • A terrestrial lifestyle • A segmented exoskeleton • Wings The new organism is most likely a member of which of the following phyla? (A) Cnidaria (B) Porifera (C) Chordata (D) Arthropoda (E) Echinodermata
(D) Arthropoda
Arthropods are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.
In some horses, the coat is a mixture of red and white hairs, called roan. Roan horses have one white-haired parent and one red-haired parent.
This exhibits what inheritance patterns?
Codominance
The best current evidence that birds evolved from dinosaurs is:
Transitional fossils such as Archaeopteryx have been found.
Mosses cannot grow very tall due to their lack of:
Chlorophyll
What are polymorphisms?
Traits that doesn’t vary in a continuous matter resulting in the occurrence of several different forms or types of individuals among the members of a single species.
Significant overlap in the sequence of amino acids of the same protein involved in cell division from two different species indicates that:
The proteins have a common evolutionary origin.
Organisms that display radial symmetry as adults, possess stinging cells, and tentacles would be found in the animal phylum:
Cnidarians
(Include jellyfish, corals, hydra, and other stinging, tentacled
animal life.)
The fact that certain characteristics such as skin color can manifest themselves in many forms along a continuum is evidence for
Polygenic inheritance (When one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes. Ex. height, skin color, intelligence)
Lack of gene flow promotes evolutionary radiation because
two populations can diverge more rapidly as allelic exchange declines.
The phenomenon that occurs when a toxin such as DDT builds up in concentration as it travels up the food chain is known as
Biomagnification
Because of globalization, humans of different races are coming into contact with greater frequency and effectively making the whole human population less diverse as traits that have typically set off one human race from another become less defined. This phenomenon is a direct result of
Gene flow (movement of genes from one local population into another as organisms in each population emigrate, immigrate, or interbreed. This mixing of genes acts to create more uniformity between the two populations)
The frequency, under given environmental conditions, with which a specific phenotype is expressed by those individuals with a specific genotype is known as
Penetrance
Order by which to group ecological terms from most inclusive to least inclusive?
Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism
The process by which nitrates (NO3) in the soil are converted into atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) is known as
Denitrification
while nitrification (or nitrogen fixation) is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates and ammonia.
A tidal (seashore) habitat where rivers flow into the ocean is called a(n)
Estuaries
extremely diverse, can range in dissolved salt concentration from fairly brackish to almost freshwater.
