Population Bio

Question 1

Stabilizing selection

Answer 1

A type of natural selection in which an intermediate trait value produces the highest fitness.

Question 2

What was the theory of Spontaneous Generation?

Answer 2

Life can appear from non-living material, such as cheese or cloth.

Question 3

Gasoline and fuel are derived from petroleum which is refined from oil deposits found deep underground. The oil is created over the course of millions of years from organic material. How does this process work?

Answer 3

High temperatures and pressure deep underground slowly convert organic material into oil.

Question 4

Nitrogen molecules can also be fixed naturally by nitrogen-fixing bacteria which use atmospheric nitrogen to make:

Answer 4

NH4+

Question 5

Charles Darwin pioneered a school of thought which proposed that species arose through the process of:

Answer 5

Natural Selection

Question 6

Taxonomic Order

Answer 6

DKPCOFGS

Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup

Question 7

After a large forest fire, the first species that resettle in the area are fast-growing, opportunistic species, such as weeds, grasses, and small rodents. As the area ages, these are replaced by more competitive species, including trees and larger animals. This is an example of:

Answer 7

Ecology succession

Question 8

Describe vegetation found in arctic tundra.

Answer 8

Shrubs, grass, and lichen.

Question 9

Dinosaurs became extinct around 65 million years ago, after an extinction events during which scientists presume miltople asteroids impacted the earth. During which geological period did dinosaurs become extinct.

Answer 9

Cretaceous

Question 10

What makes up the greatest percentage of the atmosphere?

Answer 10

Nitrogen

Question 11

Why should foreign/exotic species not allowed to any country it’s not native to?

Answer 11

Exotic species can outcompete or consume native plants and animals.

Question 12

Give an example of the founder effect.

Answer 12

A small group of birds migrates to a new island and start a colony there.

Question 13

A boreal forest is a biome that is known for:

Answer 13

Widespread coniferous trees.

Question 14

After urbanization, many areas close to wildlife and forestland, the presence of trash and food created by humans attracted raccoons and other scavengers to the city areas. This is an example of the formation of a new:

Answer 14

Ecology niche

Question 15

Darwin conceived of the concept of evolution after his visit to the Galapagos Islands. In his journal, he wrote that the discovery of numerous species of finches, henceforth called Darwin’s Finches, helped him in his discovery. What was so unique about this group of birds?

Answer 15

The different species of finches he found exhibited characteristics that were evolved to suit their environment and feeding habits.

Question 16

While traveling on his class field trip, Nick noted many trees with wide leaves, a wide variety of grasses and shrubs. He also found that the fall time temperature was around 70 Fahrenheit. The biome that his class was looking at is known as a:

Answer 16

Temperate deciduous forest.

Question 17

A population of 980 seals decreased to only 28 seals after extensive hunting. After 20 years, the population had expanded back to 600 seals, but it was noted that most of the genetic variation in the population was gone. This is an example of:

Answer 17

The bottleneck effect.

Question 18

Ferns, although plants, differ from most trees and flowers in that they:

Answer 18

Reproduce using spores, and produces no flowers.

Question 19

An experiment was done in which 50 brown rabbits and 50 white rabbits were tagged and released into a snowy environment. After 5 years, scientists counted the number of remaining rabbits as well as their offspring and found that there were 23 brown rabbits and 480 white rabbits in the area. This is an example of:

Answer 19

Natural Selection

Question 20

Which biome will you find ferns and many deciduous trees?

Answer 20

Rainforest.

Question 21

Forest fire offers what kind of benefits to the local ecology?

Answer 21

Increased nutrients in the soil.

Question 22

What are the greenhouse gases?

Answer 22

Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), Fluorinated Gases, and water vapors.

Question 23

The Japanese oyster drill is a small snail that preys on oysters and other shellfish. After its introduction to North America, large numbers of oyster beds were exterminated. The oyster drill is an example of a:

Answer 23

Invasive species.

Non-native species that quickly takes over an environment

Question 24

Small shrimp that live in the coral reef help fish clean off their teeth and mouth by eating the particles which accumulate in the area. This is an example of:

Answer 24

Mutualism

When both parties benefits

Question 25

What is Commensalism?

Answer 25

Commensalism is a synergistic relationship where only one partner benefits but does not significantly harm the other.

Question 26

Holes in the ozone layer were formed from the overproduction of what compound by humans?

Answer 26

Cholorofluorocarbons (CFC)
(Produced by the manufacture of plastics and cooling liquids react with ozone, which results in the depletion of the ozone layer. )

Question 27

The grouping of a set of organisms together according to homology or shared characteristics is called:

Answer 27

A phylogeny

Question 28

After a child is particularly misbehaved, many parents respond by spanking the child. Eventually, the child learns that misbehavior will be followed by spanking. This is an example of:

Answer 28

Operant Conditioning
(Operant condition operates on the principle that good behavior is rewarded by a good event, and bad behavior is rewarded by a punishing event. )

Question 29

As humans shifted from hunter-gatherer tribes towards depending more on agriculture and domesticated animals, which of the following occurred?

Answer 29

Humans became more sedentary, and no longer traveled constantly.

Question 30

What are symbiotic organisms?

Answer 30

Symbiotic organisms derive some benefit from each other, and won’t harm each other. The relationship is usually beneficial such that one or both of the organisms survives better compared to before the interaction.

Question 31

Which of the following pairs of organisms have the closest evolutionary relationship?
I. Bacillus thuringiensis
II. Telmatobius peruvianus
III. Bacillus cereus
IV. Cereus peruvianus
V. Mesoplodon peruvianus

Answer 31

I and IV
Bacillus (bacteria), Thuringiensis (species of bacteria that lives in soil), Telmatobius (frogs), Peruvianus (Peruvian torch cactus), Cereus (cacti), Mesoplodon (whales)

Question 32

Which kinds of organisms are best adapted to habitats that are frequently subject to unpredictable and severe environmental fluctuations?

Answer 32

R-selected organisms (they emphasize high growth rates and produce many offspring, each of which has a relatively low probability of surviving to adulthood, ex. dandelions)

Question 33

Deposits of coal in Greenland and the Antarctic indicate that:

Answer 33

These regions were once thickly vegetated.
(Coal formed millions of years ago when the earth was covered with huge swampy forests where plants - giant ferns, reeds, and mosses - grew.)

Question 34

What is imprinting?

Answer 34

Imprinting refers to a critical period of time early in an animal’s life when it forms attachments and develops a concept of its own identity. Birds and mammals are born with a pre-programmed drive to imprint onto their mother.

Question 35

Which of the following statements best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem?
(A) radiant energy is converted into chemical energy in plant photosynthesis and then released as heat energy during cellular respiration correct
(B) energy cycles within an ecosystem
(C) plants get energy from the nutrients in the soil
(D) the animals in an ecosystem absorb the radiant energy of the sun and use it to make organic molecules such as proteins
(E) some chemoautotrophic bacteria release energy that can then be used by soil animals to make food

Answer 35

(A) radiant energy is converted into chemical energy in plant photosynthesis and then released as heat energy during cellular respiration correct

Question 36

Why are pictorial presentations of the biomass at each trophic level of an ecosystem is a pyramid?

Answer 36

Represents the amount of energy passed from one trophic level to the next

Question 37

Excess sewage can lead to the death of aquatic animals in a lake because sewage pollution promotes.

Answer 37

Oxygen depletion

Question 38

The forelimbs of horses and frogs are considered to be homologous structures. The best evidence for this homology is that the forelimbs have

Answer 38

a common embryological origin.

Question 39

A katydid is an insect. Its leaf-like appearance is an example of

Answer 39

Cryptic coloration aka camouflage

Question 40

Plants that live in the tundra are likely to have which adaptations?

Answer 40

Shallow root systems

Question 41

Evidence that multicellular green plants may have evolved from green algae is best supported by the fact that in both

Answer 41

Chlorophylls a and b are photosynthetic pigments

Question 42

Birds are most closely related to which class?

Answer 42

Reptiles

Question 43

Members of which class produce milk for their young in specialized skin glands?

Answer 43

Mammals, with nipples.

Question 44

Differentiate:
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Hemizygous

Answer 44

Homozygous: Same two alleles
Heterozygous: Different two alleles
Hemizygous: With one chromosome pair or chromosome segment rather than the usual two

Question 45

Which of the following best describes the decomposers in an ecological community?

Answer 45

They are heterotrophic.

Question 46

A population of mice in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium will exhibit which of the following conditions?
(A) Random mating 
(B) Small population size
(C) High mutation rate
(D) Immigration
(E) Sexual selection

Answer 46

(A) Random mating

Question 47

A new organism is found with the following characteristics:
• A terrestrial lifestyle
• A segmented exoskeleton
• Wings
The new organism is most likely a member of which of the following phyla?
(A) Cnidaria
(B) Porifera
(C) Chordata 
(D) Arthropoda
(E) Echinodermata

Answer 47

(D) Arthropoda

Arthropods are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.

Question 48

In some horses, the coat is a mixture of red and white hairs, called roan. Roan horses have one white-haired parent and one red-haired parent.
This exhibits what inheritance patterns?

Answer 48

Codominance

Question 49

The best current evidence that birds evolved from dinosaurs is:

Answer 49

Transitional fossils such as Archaeopteryx have been found.

Question 50

Mosses cannot grow very tall due to their lack of:

Answer 50

Chlorophyll

Question 51

What are polymorphisms?

Answer 51

Traits that doesn’t vary in a continuous matter resulting in the occurrence of several different forms or types of individuals among the members of a single species.

Question 52

Significant overlap in the sequence of amino acids of the same protein involved in cell division from two different species indicates that:

Answer 52

The proteins have a common evolutionary origin.

Question 53

Organisms that display radial symmetry as adults, possess stinging cells, and tentacles would be found in the animal phylum:

Answer 53

Cnidarians
(Include jellyfish, corals, hydra, and other stinging, tentacled
animal life.)

Question 54

The fact that certain characteristics such as skin color can manifest themselves in many forms along a continuum is evidence for

Answer 54

Polygenic inheritance 
(When one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes. Ex. height, skin color, intelligence)

Question 55

Lack of gene flow promotes evolutionary radiation because

Answer 55

two populations can diverge more rapidly as allelic exchange declines.

Question 56

The phenomenon that occurs when a toxin such as DDT builds up in concentration as it travels up the food chain is known as

Answer 56

Biomagnification

Question 57

Because of globalization, humans of different races are coming into contact with greater frequency and effectively making the whole human population less diverse as traits that have typically set off one human race from another become less defined. This phenomenon is a direct result of

Answer 57

Gene flow
(movement of genes from one local population into another as organisms in each population emigrate, immigrate, or interbreed. This mixing of genes acts to create more uniformity between the two populations)

Question 58

The frequency, under given environmental conditions, with which a specific phenotype is expressed by those individuals with a specific genotype is known as

Answer 58

Penetrance

Question 59

Order by which to group ecological terms from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Answer 59

Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism

Question 60

The process by which nitrates (NO3) in the soil are converted into atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) is known as

Answer 60

Denitrification

while nitrification (or nitrogen fixation) is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates and ammonia.

Question 61

A tidal (seashore) habitat where rivers flow into the ocean is called a(n)

Answer 61

Estuaries

extremely diverse, can range in dissolved salt concentration from fairly brackish to almost freshwater.