Organismal Biology Flashcards
The organ which holds the fetus, providing buoyant fluid and nutrients is called the:
Amniotic Sac
Which phase isn’t a part of mitosis but is a part of meiosis
Diakinesis
Legumes are plants that are especially noted for their ability to do what?
Fix Nitrogen
In mammals, the hormone responsible for the development of male reproductive tissues is:
Testosterone
In the human body, the antibodies in the immune system are primarily made by:
B lymphocytes
Describe the Corpus Lutreum:
A corpus luteum is a mass of cells that forms in an ovary and is responsible for the production of the hormone progesterone during early pregnancy. The role of the corpus luteum depends on whether or not fertilization occurs.
Loss of plant moisture through evaporation from the leaves is prevented by the:
Cuticle
The Germ Theory of Diseases, which first postulated that microorganisms were responsible for disease in the mid-1800s was developed by:
Louis Pasteur
Plants found in rainforests typically have broad, wide leaves. In contrast, plants in the desert typically have short, sharp leaves. What is the primary reason for this difference?
Shorter sharper leaves minimize surface area and this minimizes water loss.
The phenomenon where the shoots and flowers of the plants would turn and lean in the direction of the light source is called:
Phototropism
During embryonic development of many species, gill arches can be seen forming briefly in the fetus before continuing one to become other structures suggest:
Gill structures evolved before lungs, and are still present to a minimal extent in many animals.
Monocots and dicots differ in the number of cotyledons they have. What is the name of the different arrangements for them?
Monocots have a scattered vascular system arrangement whereas dicots have a concentric arrangement.
In the human body, lymphocytes are generally best known for their ability to:
Ingest and kill cells or particles which are not a part of the human immune system or body.
Ferns, although plants, differ from most trees and flowers in that they:
Reproduce using spores, and produces no flowers.
Many plants are capable of hybridization, a process in which two plants of different species exchange pollen and create a hybrid plant that is not of either species. The new hybrid plant is usually:
Polyploid
After urine is collected in the nephrons of the kidneys, it proceeds which organs?
Ureter
After gastrulation, the germ layers are formed. Which of the germ layers is responsible for becoming the gastrointestinal tract?
Endoderm (internal organs)
What are food particles broken down into during digestion?
Broken down into sugars and proteins.
The allele for hair color in cats is as follows: A - dominant for brown, a - recessive for gray. The heterogeneous expression, Aa, has calico coloring (brown, white, orange). If two calico cats mate and have 8 offspring, how many do you expect to be gray?
2 Offspring possibilities: 1/4 AA 1/2 Aa 1/4 aa
If a cell’s cellular respiration pathways are not working, which of the following will occur?
The cell will die.
A student is digging up plant specimens for a project, and after digging up a small plant, he notices that there are some roots in the ground near the plant, but they are not from the plant he dug up. These roots are likely:
Fibrous (fine) roots.
These roots extend a great distance to collect water and nutrients.
Oxygen is produced primarily by:
Plants
The kidney is responsible for the filtration of the blood for waste and excess minerals. What is the basic functional unit in the kidney?
Nephron
Long loop of tissue that allows absorption or excretion of different irons and minerals
Mistletoe is a plant that grows on trees and uses its roots to absorb nutrients and water from the tree it is growing on. However, it can also produce some of its own nutrients. Mistletoe is an example of?
Hemi-parasite
Organisms that can both steal and produce their own nutrients.
Females have two X chromosomes. However, only one X chromosome in each cell is active at one time, and the other X chromosome is inactivated. What are the inactivated X chromosomes called?
Barr bodies
Inactive X chromosome is bounded by histones and is called a Barr body, can cause severe genetic problems if active
In order for a B lymphocyte to recognize a foreign species or antigen, what must happen first?
The B lymphocyte must engulf and digest the antigen.
Then it makes antibodies that can recognize the antigen
Anaerobic microorganisms do not use oxygen to produce energy molecules, and it’s toxic to many anaerobic microbes, so which location would you most likely find an anaerobic microbe?
Deep under the sea.
Also found in swamps or in the intestines of animals.
The chromosomal deficiency that causes Downs syndrome is:
Trisomy 21
Result of improper meiosis in the formation of gametes
Plant growth occurs from which of the following tissue areas?
Meristem
(Meristem is the tissue zone in plants where the most growth takes place. These cells are undifferentiated and they can become leaves, shoots, or stem cells.
Darwin conceived of the concept of evolution after his visit to the Galapagos Islands. In his journal, he wrote that the discovery of numerous species of finches, henceforth called Darwin’s Finches, helped him in his discovery. What was so unique about this group of birds?
The different species of finches he found exhibited characteristics that were evolved to suit their environment and feeding habits.
Pollen cells haploids or diploids.
Pollen cells are always haploid. Take many shapes and forms but usually very small.
After gastrulation, how many germ layers are there and list them and their functions.
Endoderm: (internal organs) such as the stomach, intestines, lungs, liver, and pancreas.
Mesoderm: (middle) skeletal muscles, blood vessels, bone, connective tissue, kidney cortex, heart muscle, reproductive system, and blood cells from the spinal cord and lymphatic tissue.
Ectoderm: (outside) skin, hair, and nails development
An example of parenchyma cells in plants is the:
Pith
Include most cells in the plant involved in storage and transport.
